It is also a cultural expression. In many traditional belief systems in Africa, mental health problems, bad luck, and sudden or mysterious deaths, are attributed to either the influence of ancestral spirits or bewitchment [19]. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] By using certain forms of online therapy, clients can write, talk with or without video, communicate in real time or asynchronously and even send pictures. Ideally, the technology becomes transparent, so it simply serves as a tool for communication, without requiring attention in and of itself. Hardware or software failure or internet service failure can impact the online availability of both counsellor and client. From a contemporary perspective, the informal education and traditional counseling processes related to initiation rituals at puberty place more emphasis on the development of moral values and social responsibilities, and the exposition of gender role dilemmas from a sociocultural context. The conceptualization of traditional counseling is unique, dynamic, complex and multifaceted. << Talkspace Self-Guided app, Find a therapist The primary aim of counseling is to help people with concerns to reflect on their changed situation, identify possible solutions, and develop action plans to resolve those presenting problems, so that they can continue living resourcefully for personal development and satisfaction. /Rotate 0 Home > Inadvertently, most people rely on traditional healers because their herbal treatments are easily accessible, readily available, and practically affordable. All they require is a method of payment and email. /Rotate 0 /Type /Page The initiation rituals are more pronounced at the birth of a child, whereupon the infant is initiated into the world through a ritual naming ceremony. These issues are typical, and embedded in the culture and collective belief system: they are a part of cultural life of the people in both rural and urban communities alike, and they represent a paradigm of causation of human problems, some of which are amenable to traditional counseling and healing. /Type /Encoding This is crucial for clients who need frequent care. Online therapy can be as easy as sending a text. If he or she asks what its for, you might not be comfortable telling him or her its for therapy. Magic is the umbrella term and is categorized, according to whether its application is for offensive, defensive, divination, or communication purposes, given that witchcraft is derived from the same empowering herbal medicines which can be used for personal protection, such as from bewitchment, for public common good, such as divination and traditional herbal treatments, and for evil, such as placating bad luck, inducing physical illness or causing mysterious death. Therapy for veterans << Besides, they are intended to promote indigenous ways of knowing and doing things, as part of the African cultural heritage, expressed through ceremonies and other interpretive messages. Research & insights As such some scholars argue that online counseling should not replace traditional therapy but rather be used when necessary bearing in mind that not all cases can be handled via e-counseling [8]. The theoretical framework of traditional counseling represents a newer worldview that may influence counseling styles applied by counselors, psychotherapists and psychologists of divergent training and educational backgrounds. Some online therapy networks dont require identifying information from potential clients. >> << The prescribed order of performance is not only limited to religious service, but also encompasses other sociocultural actions and rites, including those performed by traditional leaders and traditional healers. /GS1 36 0 R << Syncretism relates to a reconciliation, or fusion, of differing systems of belief, especially with partial success or heterogeneous result; totemism represents an emblem of a clan or family which is revered, such as its founder, ancestor or guardian; universalism refers to a common conception of the origin of the universe and people; and culturalism refers to traditional customs, norms and values enshrined in a particular society that defines its beliefs and practices [16,17]. In more rural communities of Africa, the rituals may include tying of strings and wearing a talisman, especially prepared with herbal concoctions, around the childs arm, neck, waist or leg. The online vs. traditional therapy debate is on! Ruminate on how each pro and con meshes with your preferences and needs. For one thing, each partner gets the full hour with me. The historical continuity of a culture endemic to a particular human society is fundamental to the interconnectedness of all things that define its traditional values, beliefs, customs and practices [14]. >> Couples therapy /OP false The traditional counselor must be proactive and interactive during the counseling process, and should be conscious of the sociocultural context of the client, his family and environment, which is in sharp contrast to the professional counselors role of reactivity and passivity, which is required in classical psychodynamic counseling practice. /Rotate 0 /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page Like in the past, it takes place within the kinship system, family and community. Counselling has been developed for over 200 years and continues to evolve to adapt to modern societies: /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] /Rotate 0 endobj /Parent 1 0 R >> The values of people are a representation and reflection of their prior experiences during their developmental journeys through life. You wont need to give your name. /ToUnicode 41 0 R From a conventional perspective, counseling is a process that involves a special type of helping relationship between a counselor and a client that is purposively interactive and ameliorative. WebTraditional counselling applies indigenous forms of helping people experiencing various problem situations and those that wish to take a transitional commitment such as initiation at puberty and marriage or are aggrieved through loss of a beloved one due to physical illness, injury or accident. 2)For better personnel development. Some Forms of Therapy Are Difficult or Nearly Impossible Online. hWiTjD,]$8%JDep`Q@ "(J@h"DA&@C!qE8_).=w:^:uog>O[+V8u RLsR>GksSPGcpow`>M$|;"r{tp`Pl_jFmm|;EQPll233Ri=RW9MfhLy|g-V. Besides, it is a cultural expression. There are two categories of values: terminal values refer to desirable end-states, or goals, such as wisdom, comfort, peace, and freedom; whereas instrumental values refer to the means by which the end-states are to be achieved, for instance through ambition, honesty, and competence [1]. The sociocultural life of Africans is generally anchored on recognition of traditional norms and practices, ancestral worship, religious cults, and sexual-related taboos [8]. /Type /Page The collective wisdom of Africans is that elderly people are generally regarded as a valuable resource in the community. You can accept or decline them. Psychiatry Traditional counseling applies indigenous forms of helping people experiencing various problem situations, and those that wish to make a transitional commitment, such as initiation at puberty, or marriage, or are aggrieved through loss of a beloved one, due to physical illness, psychosomatic dysfunction, or cardiac failure, injury, or accident. Thousands of people prefer this approach because they dont want to risk friends, family members or co-workers knowing they are going to therapy. The adolescent stage is viewed as more of a transition phase, with its own ambiguities which begin when childhood ends, at puberty. /Contents 126 0 R Advantages of Email Counselling and Online Therapy in General Emotional Memory Management: Positive Control Over Your Memory Pennebaker Inventory of endobj The informal education, and the initiation counseling related to performance of rituals at the pubertal stage, place emphasis on learning for transformation, and at the marital stage, on social integration. endobj These reflect the period, circumstance and cultural factors surrounding a particular generation or human society, which acts as a reference point. WebSome of the disadvantages of online counseling include: Anonymity and privacy: Online counseling uses technology-aided devices and internet as the main medium for communication between the therapist and the client. Thats what therapists need to do to have an office. << /Resources 108 0 R The multicultural theory can adequately inform the theoretical framework of traditional counseling when an African perspective is integrated. Confidentiality is an essential element of individual counselling. /Rotate 0 /Resources 125 0 R Take our free mental health test, It Wont Make You as Much Money as In-Office Therapy. /Kids [ 4 0 R 5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R ] When viewed from the perspective that indigenous knowledge has cultural implications and that all counseling is influenced by the cultural context, it is safe to conclude that traditional counseling approaches are rooted in traditional systems of knowledge and sociocultural values, customs and practices; they are essentially community-based and multicultural in nature; and they are routinely offered within a culturally acceptable environment by the local people [28]. Think about your life and what you most value. In expressing this interdependence, most people resort to religious gatherings as a form of maintaining communication and communion with the heavens above. /Rotate 0 The key elements that inform the theoretical framework of traditional counseling from an African perspective are: cultural context, collective belief system, and initiation rituals Traditional systems of knowledge deemed essential for each generation are passed on successively to the next generation by elderly people who do not only have the necessary wisdom and experience, but are also adorned with social competences and skills. What are the advantages of guidance and Counselling? The person understands how to take his life forward and how to involve himself in other people. Imagine paying a second rent or mortgage. This is an essential element of African religions, and it is on this basis, that religious and shrine cults have flourished. Traditional counseling involves a broad perspective that enhances learning for transformation and integration of sociocultural values that are peculiar to each human society. To decide which is best for you whether you are a potential client or therapist try weighing the pros and cons in the context of your life. Celexa vs Lexapro: Whats the Difference? /Contents 122 0 R /Resources 121 0 R << /Contents 124 0 R Teen therapy If you cant meet the in-person therapist you want during the times he or she is available, youre out of luck. endobj /Type /Page WebSome advantages of psychoanalytic theory are that it uncovers the roots of the problem, helps clients to relieve past experiences to work through the repressed conflicts and it explains how the personality is constructed. Either choice will lead you to a happier life. /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] Modern counseling evolved and changed rapidly during the 20th Century, and contains within it a variety of different themes, emphases, practices, and orientations [1]. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy [EMDR]. It is widely accepted that when people migrate, they do not leave behind their cultural norms and values but carry these as inherent elements that constitute part of their cultural identity and social entity. << Therefore, multicultural theory can adequately inform the theory and practice of traditional counseling, when the Afrocentric perspective is integrated. 19 0 obj /Count 30 /Contents 87 0 R endobj /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. The African interpretation of childhood refers to a period spanning about 15 years of a childs life from conception, and integrates early teenage and pubescence. List of the Cons of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. /Resources 68 0 R Forms of traditional counseling refer to the various methods or approaches used by traditional counselors during the process of their interaction with clients in a culturally acceptable environment, using appropriate interventions that are tailored to meet their needs, expectations, and aspirations. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] You Can Express Yourself In Many Ways Text, Video, Audio and More. /Type /Page Once you find the therapist, starting therapy might take anywhere from a day to a month or more. These values are instrumental in shaping peoples beliefs and attitudes. 1 0 obj With the incre uhasing threat endobj The benefits determined to be enjoyed from these interventions were improved states of happiness and decreases in depressive symptoms. Some of the issues that multiculturalism set out to address, although primarily referenced in the Euro-American context, have some relevance to the African context as well. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] With online therapists who are not affiliated with a network, the process varies depending on the therapist and potential client. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. << /Type /FontDescriptor The African cultural life has been unique since time immemorial. /FontBBox [ -51 -293 1124 1085 ] /Parent 1 0 R These indigenous approaches to traditional counseling can be referred to as family counseling, and community counseling, respectively. Advantages Of counselling 1)At this stage counselling is done to know the problem in learning process. /Ascent 691 When there is failure, or dissatisfaction with a problem resolution at the zone committee level, the matter can be referred to the Chief, who is the final authority. In most African countries, the sociocultural divide is prominent in rural villages, rural and urban townships, and various community settings. They constitute links in the ancestral chain for generations in perpetuity, as a lifeline for the family and clan, genealogically. h$K0O1kF-T|J TxR6FA9 5sS}/KZ;ej9\+eXv32]sN%+ tR A recent study, risk of supervisors or co-workers judging or not understanding, How Therapy Subtly Reveals Whether You Have an Eating Disorder, Free Online Therapy: Understanding Therapy vs. Free Counseling, Celebrate Every Step of Therapy: Learn About Why & How. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] For individual problems, many people find an acceptable answer in either witchcraft, or supernatural influence, or both. Counselors who start their own practices may find the disadvantages seem overwhelming until they become better established and produce more billable hours. Some people like the office environment and the act of setting aside a time and place for therapy. /Parent 1 0 R Beliefs in bad luck, fate, or chance, are generally associated with failure to engage in constructive behaviors and depression in the face of chronic illness. WebWorking together with a counselor, healer, or helper from an unknown culture can vastly improve a counselors ability to be effective and the probability of success in implementing appropriate interventions. There are many advantages to this approach. This is the locus of the collective belief system: people believe in both the seemingly good and bad things that affect their social behavior, communication patterns, interactions, and interpersonal relationships with others, and their environment. 31 0 obj Apparently, no particular worldview is right or wrong, good or bad, or superior to the other. This collectivist orientation ensures that the desired behavioral and attitudinal change not only benefits the affected individual, couple, or family, but also the community as a whole. From an African context, the initiation rituals preface the beginning of, or conclude, the days, weeks, or even months and years of sustained instruction, coaching, mentoring, and counseling. >> /Rotate 0 endobj >> >> /Resources 61 0 R Cognitive behavioral therapy relies on the will of the patient. Some uninsured clients can afford to receive care because of the lower costs. Most people have different views on what counseling is, and the context of its application, hence the multiplicity of theoretical models. /Type /Page /Resources 43 0 R You get a wider range of perspectives on your situation, and that can help you deal with your problems better. Groups can propel you forward. Adhering to the /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] An elaboration of the various modern counseling models and orientations is outside the scope of this chapter. /FontStretch /Normal Religious leaders are representative shepherds of God, responsible for the caring for people on earth. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] 4 0 obj
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