coa statement and sketch example

The leader identifies critical conclusions about visibility factors such as light data, fog, and smog; and about battlefield obscurants such as smoke and dust. It, along with the platoons purpose, is usually assigned by the higher headquarters' OPORD in concept of operation or Tasks to Maneuver Units. This should include at least the employment of reserves, CBRN weapons, artillery or mortar locations and ranges, and reconnaissance assets. Strong winds and wind turbulence limit airborne, air assault, and aviation operations. A-47. If the leader determines his tentative decisive point is not valid during COA development or analysis, then he must determine another decisive point and restart COA development. As a result, he changed his report to three-quarters of a mile visibility. He compares their COA with the enemy's most probable COA. The observer must observe both the impact and effects of indirect fires. It was only then that I was able to look outside again. To determine conditions and resources required for success. By defining organizations within the community, leaders can understand what groups have power and influence over their own smaller communities and what groups can assist our forces. They must go beyond merely passing along the MCOO to their subordinate leaders and making general observations of the terrain such as "This is high ground," or "This is a stream." CBRN. Leaders must identify and understand tasks required to accomplish a given mission. Will variations in trafficability force changes in formations or movement techniques, or require clearance of restricted terrain? Search and attack operations are conducted by smaller, light maneuver units and air cavalry or air assault units in large areas. Leaders prepare a graphic depiction of terrain to help explain their findings about the effects of terrain and weather on the mission. This includes those personnel outside the area of operation whose actions, opinions, or political influence can affect the mission. A-41. Even if time is tight, the leader should allocate as much time as possible to factor, starting at the objective area, and analyzing other aspects of key terrain. Implied tasks derive from a detailed analysis of higher up orders, from the enemy situation and COA, from the terrain, and from knowledge of doctrine and history. Notes COA statement must clearly portray how the unit A-106. Develop a Concept of Operations Windblown sand, dust, rain, or snow can reduce the effectiveness of radar and other communication systems. Cover and Concealment If he has no mutually supporting mobility corridors, then a single mobility corridor might become an avenue of approach. How can friendly and enemy forces use the available cover and concealment? Course of Move statement. The leader goes past observing to application. A-24. Based on the S-2s assessment and enemy's doctrine and current location, the leader must determine the enemy's capabilities. Information Requirements They must know their areas of operation and areas of interest: Prioritization of Terrain Analysis Heavy snow cover can reduce the efficiency of many communication systems as well as degrade the effects of many munitions and air operations. IPB. of the enemy and update their enemy templates as new information or trends become available. This event made me realize the importance of instrument meteorological conditions training and proper crew coordination. Leaders must know more than just the number and types of vehicles, Soldiers, and weapons the enemy has. How will this affect friendly and enemy target acquisition? How do I gain or maintain control of key terrain? He analyzes the area surrounding key terrain, objectives,engagement area, and obstacles. Will wind speed cause obscurants to dissipate quickly? This aspect of civil considerations reinforces the security of the community against poverty and other enablers to instability. Therefore, a secondary product of analysis of troops and support available should be an answer to the question:, how do I get help? The product of this process is the synchronization matrix. In addition, consider how historical, cultural, and social factors shape public perceptions beliefs, goals, and expectations. Only those requiring resources should be used. A-60. He determines the specific quantity of squads, weapons (by type), and fire support necessary to accomplish each task against the enemy array of forces. Civil considerations generally focus on the immediate impact of civilians on operations in progress. Relying on the technology rather than my senses, I transitioned inside to the instruments and noticed our nose starting to rise and our airspeed slowing. Composition He does this analysis through war gaming or "fighting" the COA against at least one enemy COA. Coordinating instructions to enhance execution and unity of effort, and to ease confusion between subordinate elements. Leaders find their units' purposes in the concepts of the operation in the immediate higher headquarters OPORDs. The leader should focus his efforts to develop at least one well-synchronized COA; if time permits, he should develop several. War gaming is a critical step in the planning process and should be allocated more time than the other steps. Defining other influential organizations or groups of influence allows for information collection. War gaming helps the leader fully synchronize friendly actions, while considering the likely reactions of the enemy. Gaining complete understanding of the enemy's intentions can be difficult when his situation templates, composition, and disposition are unclear. A-114. How do civilian considerations affect the operation? This includes troops who are either attached to or in direct support of his unit. Current activities, capabilities, and limitations are some of the information necessary to build situational understanding. What are the enemy's likely counterattack routes? The co-pilot turned the aircraft and started a climb in preparation for an emergency GPS recovery. To develop a COA, he focuses on the actions the unit must take at the decisive point and works backward to his start point. 1 level below BN sketch)w/ all crew served weapons (SITEMP) using AGADAP Analyze relative combat power (Caps by WFF) Generate Options Array Forces - Battle Positions, EA's, Routes, Times, Reserves, Crew Served WPNs Systems, Etc.. The concept of the operation describes how the leader envisions the operation unfolding, from its start to its conclusion or end state. It was a familiar mission; a flight of two UH-60Ls were to fly a five-and-a-half-hour ring route under night vision goggles. How can precipitation (or lack of it) add to the unit achieving surprise? To identify friendly coordination requirements. Some situations have no decisive terrain. Some temperature considerations include: A-65. They must assess if the new information affects their missions and plans. Projected sustainment expenditures, friendly casualties, and resulting medical requirements. Questions If a solution does not exist, the leader must develop one. When (this is the time given in the company OPORD). As addressed in step 1 of the TLP, time analysis is a critical aspect to planning, preparation, and execution. A-50. A-35. The reason units are arrayed as shown on the sketch. A-31. What is the unit's training status and experience relative to the mission? Finally, given the scale with which the leader often develops his situation template, on a 1:50,000 maps, the situation template should be transferred to a graphic depiction of terrain for briefing purposes, as the situation allows. Table A-1 shows recommended situation template items. The COA statement briefly expresses how the unit will conduct the combined arm concept. How will each avenue support movement techniques, formations and, once we make enemy contact, maneuver? Some cloud cover questions follow: Temperature and Humidity COA Statement and Sketch. Select or Modify COA for Continued Analysis NOTE: A good COA positions the force for sequels and provides flexibility to meet unforeseen events during execution. Staff COA. He determines the disposition of the next two higher enemy elements. How will cloud cover affect unit operations at night? Leaders capture their understanding of what their units are to accomplish in their revised mission statements. OAKOC. The four categories the leader considers include. For example, they might have to move in columns rather than in lines. Using the targeting methodology of D3A (decide, detect, deliver, and assess) may prove useful in determining whether a leader or influencer would best facilitate an operation, when to engage them, and what to expect. b. Existing obstacles, natural include rivers; forests; mountains; ravines; gaps and ditches more than three meters wide; tree stumps and large rocks more than 18 inches high; forests with trees eight inches or more in diameter, with less than four meters between trees. An analysis of the ability to generate combat power will help the leader confirm or deny his tentative decisive point. The five military aspects of weather are visibility; winds; precipitation; cloud cover; and temperature and humidity. Cover and concealment is just as vital as clear fields of fire. These tasks must be accomplished to achieve the subordinate units purpose. Lost opportunity, such as movement across terrain severely restricts the speed of traverse. Also, they identify the tasks, purposes, and dispositions for all adjacent maneuver elements under headquarters control. It is also why he must clearly explain his intent to his subordinates. 3. Suitable. Reinforcing obstacles, tacticaltactical (reinforcing) obstacles inhibit the ability of the opposing force to move, mass, and reinforce. Once identified, risk must be reduced through controls. The leader must identify risks based on the results of his mission analysis. The relative-force ratio is a correlation of friendly combat power and. The second mission variable to consider is the enemy. The first three steps of COA development provide the bulk of the COA statement. These can include areas needed after combat operations and contracted resources and services. Leaders analyze the enemy's dispositions, compositions, strengths, doctrine, equipment, capabilities, vulnerabilities, and probable COA. The leader identifies locations along each avenue of approach providing clear observation and fields of fire for both the attacker and defender. Military aspects of terrain OAKOC are used to analyze the ground. Reinforcing obstacles, protective (reinforcing) obstacles offer close-in protection and are important to survivability. The unit's decisive operation always focuses at the decisive point, and always accomplishes the unit's purpose. They must understand why their leaders one level up assigned their unit's particular purposes. Match. It also includes understanding the full array of assets in support of the unit. When possible, the observer conducts a ground reconnaissance from both enemy and friendly perspectives. Or, they might have to move much more slowly than they would like. Unless given the benefit of information collection, his situation template is only an estimate of how the enemy might be disposed. A-96.People is a general term describing all nonmilitary personnel military forces encountered in the area of operation. The decisive point might be where or how, or from where, the unit will combine the effects of combat power against the enemy. They need not analyze METT-TC in a particular order. If I must support a breach, where is the expected breach site and where will the enemy be overwatching the obstacle? Where will the enemy establish firing lines or support by fire positions? Identify number of units needed and operational. How the COA accounts for minimum essential stability tasks. Categories of terrain, severely restricted terrain which severely hinders or slows movement in combat formations unless some effort is made to enhance mobility. Leaders must understand how their units' purposes relate to higher. Implied Tasks. He also identifies positions where artillery observers can call for indirect fire. Pajota's Guerillas' mission is to block off a mile of road through the use of road blocks on both sides of the highway bridge cross over Cabu Creek of an estimated 300 yards northeast from compound. Organizations Will the sun rise behind my attack or in my eyes? A-111. Routine, cyclical, planned, or spontaneous activities which significantly affect organizations, people, and military operations, including seasons, festivals, holidays, funerals, political rallies, and agricultural crop/livestock and market cycles and paydays. A-43. Yet, when we actually made it to our destination, we could not see the other end of the airfield. Write your commanders intent to address key tasks or conditions that must be met to achieve the stated purpose and end state. Analysis of troops and support answers the question: What assets are available to accomplish the mission? Conclusions include at least the following : Obstacles A-22. A-119. Flexibility built into the plan by gaining insights into possible branches to the basic plan. A-63. Visualizing a valid decisive point is how the leader determines how to achieve success and accomplish his purpose. Why (the units purpose, taken from the companies concept of the operation). A-122. Leaders also must determine if terrain is decisive. A description of the weather we had encountered earlier added credence to our discussions with the battle captain. Step 4: Develop the Sketch and Statement As with friendly COAs, enemy COAs are best framed using statements and sketches. Do not discuss this assignment or your answers with anyone other than a Department of Distance Education (DDE) instructor or your academic advisor These two products are the basis for paragraph 3 of the OPORD. From developing a strategy to analyzing, refining, and rehearsing the plan, a leader should be knowledgeable in the following areas detailed under this subheading to construct a solid COA. Is the enemy controlling this key terrain? It succinctly describes the enemy's aim, means, and approach to achieving its end state. What we had was conflicting weather briefs from reliable sources. ", A-33. Commanders and staff officers who make link-diagrams of leadership including religious, political, and criminal personnel allow focused planning and decentralized execution which bolsters legitimacy within the population. However, as time permits, he can develop as many COA, for comparison purposes, as time allows. The purpose of COA development is to determine one or more ways to accomplish the mission consistent with the immediate higher commander's intent. Implied in the analysis of time is leader prioritization of events and sequencing of activities. Precipitation affects soil trafficability, visibility, and functioning of many electro-optical systems. If the leader has developed more than one COA, he must compare them by weighing the specific advantages, disadvantages, strengths, and weaknesses of each as noted during the war game. Then, using doctrinal requirements as a guide, the leader assigns purposes and tasks to decisive, and shaping, and sustaining operations. They must clearly understand their immediate higher up intent from the OPORD. What is the location of current and probable enemy positions? The leader must avoid unnecessary complicated mission command structures and maintain unit integrity where feasible. A-42. He locates intervisibility lines (ridges or horizons which can hide equipment or personnel from observation). A-56. Identify the essential communicators and formal and informal processes used to influence people. This is known as "arraying forces" or "assigning troops to task." Identify friendly strengths to exploit the enemy weakness. Some precipitation questions to answer include . We also obtained a report from the battle captain concerning the weather situation at the destination airfield. During mission analysis, the platoon leader . Defensive considerations in analyzing observation and fields of fire. What additional Soldiers or units will accompany?

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