Similar to a person trying to walk in a straight line across a spinning merry-go-round, winds and ocean waters get deflected from a straight line path as they travel . c. melting 4 & 10 \\ And given that the speedup is driven by the steady drumbeat of warming, it means these trends are likely to continue in the futureas long as human emissions of greenhouse gases continue. d. greater; less d. differences in water density due to temperature and salinity d. radioactive energy c. torrential rain and flooding in Peru Which of the following is NOT a property of water? all of the different interacting species within an ecosyste, make up a, the intrinsic growth rate of a population, is the maximum rate at which a population may increase, the carrying capacity for a population is determined by all of the following density dependent factors except, characteristics typical of r selected species, produce many offspring in a short amount of time, have low survivor ship early in life, survivorship type 1 curves are usually k selected , and type 111 are are usually r selected. At these locations, extra solar heat stored during day and in warmer months is released at night and in cooler months. Others are confined to particular regions and form slow-moving, circular pools. The ocean plays a crucial role in regulating the temperature and weather of the planet. 6 & 9 d. All of the above The thermohaline circulation, often referred to as the ocean's "conveyor belt", links major surface and deep water currents in the Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, and Southern Oceans. b. Phosphorous and nitrogen cycles c. The warming of the western pacific causes a reduction in upwelling nutrients and an increase in rainfall Carbon dioxide At these locations, there is a large difference between temperatures during the day and night, and during the warmest and coldest parts of the year. Increasing temperatures alone caused currents to speed up more than 77% of the oceans surface. And, despite the fact that the ocean absorbs more than 90% of the heat caused by global warming, until 2020, there had been little evidence that these currents were changing. d. strip mining in a national park or national forest d. compete with native species for the same resources The carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is reduced by cutting trees Surface oceanic circulation results most directly in the a. restriction of the jet stream to polar regions b. distribution of heat from tropical to temperate and polar regions c. movement of benthic organisms from polar to temperate regions d. moderation of ocean acidification e. spring and fall overturn of temperate bodies of water b. Country Population (in millions) Land Area (in millions of hectares) b. water table Ocean waters are constantly on the move. b. deserts Low frequency variability in the tropical Atlantic is complex and hard to witness due to the weakness of this signal compared to the dominant seasonal one. Energy is neither created nor destroyed in a physical or chemical reaction c. They can be a hazard to human health c. nonrenewable resource c. promotes eutrophication when agricultural practices allow it to get into waterways Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is a measure of: During an El Nino-Southern Oscillation event, which of the following best describes conditions in the eastern part of the tropical Pacific Ocean (e.g., near Peru and Ecuador)? a. A global "conveyor belt" set in motion when deep water sinks and circulates around Earths ocean basins. It then flows southward deep along the ocean floor of the Atlantic Ocean through the Indian Ocean, eventually mixing with the surface currents in the Pacific Ocean. APES Semester 1 Review Flashcards | Quizlet For the time-decomposition analysis, it was found that over the eastern subcontinent of Africa, south of the equator . The total contents of nine heavy metals ranged from 134.0 g/g to 357.8 g/g, with Cr as the most . The Earth system model below includes some of the ways that human activities affect, or are affected by, ocean circulation. An approach to combating global warming by removing already-emitted greenhouse gas is termed, How do animals with cephalization respond differently to the environment than On average, the temperate deciduous forest remains above freezing throughout the year a. Troposphere c. nitrogen cycle e. The average temperature for tropical rainforest is constant throughout the year, The sinking of land due to the overpumping of ground water supplies Surface Currents -- Surface Circulation. a. c. B Coastal and sea floor features influence their location, direction, and speed. Creating efficient waste collection and management systems in communities a. The typical monsoon season in the Eastern Pacific is reduced, and sometimes there are droughts Environmental Protection Agency. At what wavelength is the radiation emitted by the human body at its maximum? [The new paper] links directly the surface warming and acceleration of upper ocean circulation.. The region around latitude 60 south is the only part of the Earth where the ocean can flow all the way around the world with no land in the way. e. nocturnal, Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback loop? Modeling Salinity and Deep Ocean Currents | My NASA Data All this heating and cooling and melting and thawing creates a layered ocean: warmer fresher water on top, cold salty water at the bottom. 1.8 ). the dose-response relationship is linear When scientists discover the existence of an emerging infectious disease such as SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), they must take immediate steps to determine the cause of the disease and the method of transmission. b. evaporation APES Unit 1 Flashcards | Quizlet The thermohaline ocean currents have a strong effect on the Earth System. Wilson and Robert MacArthur in 1963, has many implications for More saline water masses are found in areas where there is a lot of evaporation because salt is left in the water, or in polar areas because as ice forms, salt is left in the water. e. sediments, The phenomenon causing global warming occurs primarily in this region of the atmosphere is the transfer of heat through direct contact between the surface and the atmosphere. e. Exosphere, Primary productivity is highest in which of the following ecosystems? This process is known as upwelling. It occurs along the coasts, as well as in the open ocean. High Sea Surface Temperature, High Rainfall. Seafloor spreading happens when two oceanic plates diverge, forming a crack where magma oozes up, which creates a mid ocean ridge. For example, warm salt water might float on colder, less salty water. a. positive feedback loops Science and AAAS are working tirelessly to provide credible, evidence-based information on the latest scientific research and policy, with extensive free coverage of the pandemic. d. Aquifer b. sediments d. These are more massive but move more slowly than surface currents. 8.2 Winds and the Coriolis Effect - Introduction to Oceanography d. rainforest -> tropical grassland -> deciduous forest -> desert surface oceanic circulation results most directly in the. Multiple mechanisms conspire to increase the density of surface waters at high latitudes. 'Triple-Digit' La Nina Ending As El Nino May Strike Soon Reply to Schmittner: Topography affects the ocean circulation but does Scientists Say Ocean Circulation Is Slowing. Here's Why You Should Care d. the melting of Antarctic sea ice, resulting in sea level rise c. Governments spending more money on clean-up initiatives Hover over or click on the icons to learn more about these human causes of change and how they influence, or are influenced by, ocean circulation. c. normal ecosystem structure and function b. the artificial fertilizer applied to monocultures Warm surface currents invariably flow from the tropics to the higher latitudes, driven mainly by atmospheric winds, as well as the earth's rotation. D=610,E=[134]. 2 Ocean Currents. Locate the ocean circulation icon and identify other Earth system processes and phenomena that cause changes to, or are affected by, ocean circulation. Tracking Monthly Salinity Changes in Our Ocean, Data Collections: Earth System Data Explorer, Locating Data & Imagery for Student Investigations, Opening Datasets from MND Data Visualization Tool in Excel, Guide to Using NASA Worldview in the Classroom, Using NASA Earth Observations (NEO) in 10 Easy Steps, Instructional Strategies for the Earth Science Classroom. Since 86% of global evaporation and 78% of global precipitation occur over the ocean, ocean surface salinity is the key variable for understanding how fresh water input and output affects ocean dynamics. e. the rotation of the earth on its axis, The North American and Eurasian plates are moving apart from one another and creating the Mid-Atlantic ridge. The image below shows the characteristic surface currents of the ocean. b. evolution by natural selection b. carbon cycle e. mangrove swamps, Found in old plumbing pipes and fixtures and some ceramic glazes. Can the alcohol (CH3)3COH\left(\mathrm{CH}_3\right)_3 \mathrm{COH}(CH3)3COH be formed by the reduction of an aldehyde or ketone? d. convergent Ocean Circulation: Patterns & Effect on Climate - Study.com Carbon compounds rarely exist in the gaseous state d. the frequency of volcanic eruptions coming from tsunami events These initial steps would include which of the following? b. Denser oceanic crust is subducted underneath continental crust, which forms oceanic trenches and magma, creating volcanoes (Ring of Fire). June 12, 2022 . c. none of the above These two components act simultaneously to drive the MOC, the movement of seawater across basins and depths. c. silt Viewed from above, currents in these subtropical gyres flow in a clockwise direction in the Northern Hemisphere and a counterclockwise direction in the Southern Hemisphere. If it continues to slow, that could have profound . surface oceanic circulation results most directly in the d. Seasonal changes in temperature and precipitation Which best illustrates point-source pollution? b. energy and oxygen b. Surface currents are powered by Earth's various wind patterns. Ocean Circulation | My NASA Data a. increased water temperature Which of the following is true about the region of Earth's atmosphere known as the stratosphere? Ex. So to answer the first part of your question, technically yes, but the surface is less dense by such a small amount that it can be considered a negligible difference. a. laws must always be written to solve the environmental problems Fig. surface oceanic circulation results most directly in the. As water currents move this heat, they affect climate patterns, local weather, the cycling of gases, and the delivery of key nutrients to marine ecosystems. c. an increase in prey, resulting in increase of decomposers Differences in temperature and salt content of the water cause some areas of water to sink and some areas of water to rise. A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions. The environmental impact of a population on a given area depends on, Surface oceanic circulation results most directly in the. c. transform Thermohaline circulation - Wikipedia This mechanism is important, says Hu Shijian, an oceanographer at the Chinese Academy of Sciencess Institute of Oceanology, who was the lead author on the 2020 paper. The surface current flows back throughout the Indian Ocean into the Atlantic Ocean, returning surface water to the North Atlantic Ocean and driving the Gulf Stream The Gulf Stream flows along the east coast of the United States and across the northern region of the Atlantic. e. desert, When logging is carried out in a watershed, a likely effect on the local streams is In fact, almost all rain that falls on land starts off in the ocean. surface oceanic circulation results most directly in the For example, the Gulf Stream in the Atlantic Ocean brings heat from near the equator to Europe, making it much warmer than other areas at similar latitudes. e. phosphorous cycle, Which of the following is an example of Mullerian mimicry? Ocean surface currents resemble Earth's long-term average planetary-scale wind patterns. d. igneous b. compaction and cementation a. producer c. cooler average summer temperatures Convergent continental plates form mountain ranges. c. have numerous predators that cause an increase in the number of predators Ocean circulation is an essential part of How the Earth System Works. Surface ocean warming appears to be speeding up global currents, reconstructed here from satellite and ship readings. c. heat energy A project of the University of California Museum of Paleontology|2023 University of California Regents. a. runoff from city streets and other developed areas a. Mesosphere c. deposition from the atmosphere These waters are the upper 400 meters of the ocean. Tropical rainforests have distinct rainy and dry seasons c. Convergent a. Warm Vs. a. b. Russia and China In other words, salty water has more materials in the water than freshwater which makes it more dense than freshwater. These are winds that drive the system of surface currents in the ocean. If we've learned anything from the COVID-19 pandemic, it's that we cannot wait for a crisis to respond. c. Carbon sinks include forests and oceans Also known as thermohaline circulation, the . 2 & 3 & -2 \\ d. water in a reservoir Thermohaline circulation (THC) is a part of the large-scale ocean circulation that is driven by global density gradients created by surface heat and freshwater fluxes. b. carry diseases that infect native species NOAA: How does the ocean affect climate and weather on land? As we have seen, winds blow from areas of high atmospheric pressure to regions of low atmospheric pressure. c. boreal forest b. saltwater intrusion Global warming is speeding up ocean currents. 5 & 0 \\ d. the law of limiting factors The highest concentration of naturally occurring ozone forms in this layer. Soil D Surface ocean currents are strongly influenced by the wind. Prevailing winds, which are winds that blow predominantly from a particular direction, flow across the ocean surface, pushing the. Get more great content like this delivered right to you! Ocean circulation The ocean covers 71% of Earth's surface and is constantly in motion. Both salinity and temperature work affect the density of water at thesame time, so things can get complicated. Of the following ecosystems, which has the lowest net primary productivity, measured as kilocalories of energy produced per square meter per year? Home / / surface oceanic circulation results most directly in the. a. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio, Earth, Environmental, Ecological, and Space Sciences. e. dystrophin. This is exacerbated by the Earth's tilt. e. Saltwater intrusion. a. coals seams a. uneven heating of the earth by the sun Ocean circulation - Coastal Wiki Wind-driven surface currents (such as the Gulf Stream . c. Mesosphere d. plate boundaries e. treated wastewater discharges, Which of the following is true of carbon as it cycles in nature? F=[1437],G=[2015],F=\left[\begin{array}{rr} The gazell remains are ingested by hyenas and vultures. Importance of ocean salinity for climate and habitability | PNAS Surface Ocean Circulation The circulation of the surface ocean is driven primarily by surface winds. c. Matter quality decreases when energy changes from one form to another c. water, oxygen, and sugars b. b. convection currents a. c. Carbon and nitrogen cycles Each of these characteristics of ocean water, salinity and temperature,areimportant for the role of oceans in Earth's climate system. Download the Earth system models on this page. e. subduction zones, Generalized pyramid energy flow has only a 10% efficiency, while 90% of the energy is lost to the environment as heat. Surface currents involve large masses of water moving horizontally on the surface. c. scavenger c. Brazil and Indonesia How does the ocean affect climate and weather on land? The patch is actually comprised of the Western Garbage Patch, located near Japan . Since the center of the Earth gets more sunlight, it is. In this study, the oceanic responses to given atmospheric boundary conditions are investigated using a mesoscale ocean circulation model. Water chilled by colder temperatures at high latitudes contracts (thus gets denser), sinks, and moves back toward the equator. a. sulfur cycle Shoreward intrusion of oceanic surface waters alters physical and However, the building energy mitigation measures reduce the mean to 31 C and 31.8 C with a reduction potential of 2.3 C and 1.5 C for 2050 and 2100, respectively. a. extinction of species is a natural process, and the process is always faster on islands Most of the sunlight absorbed by water on Earths surface gets stored in our oceans as heat, and heat from the atmosphere is also absorbed by the ocean, which increases the oceans temperature. Between 30 o and 60 o lie the Ferrel Cells , composed of sinking air at 30 o and rising air at 60 o (Figure 8.2.3). e. simple sugars, A resource that can be replaced in a human lifetime is known as a Because of the presence of continental barriers, those currents form loops called the subtropical gyres. This reducesthe differences between temperatures during the day and night and during the summer and winter. Alternatively, explore the Understanding Global Change Infographic and find new topics that are of interest and/or locally relevant to you. e. Use of treated municipal sewage water for irrigation, Plate tectonics is the process that can affect These winds help the atmosphere and ocean to move heat around the world. Which of the following is the best explanation for this difference? The surface ocean circulation is mainly driven by the winds. d. cooling and hardening This is triggered when winds blow water across the oceans surface, allowing deeper water to rise up to replace this displaced surface water. d. Temperate forest receives the most consistent rainfall throughout all seasons, of the three forests To learn more about teaching ocean circulation, visit the Teaching Resources page. e. Methane, A modern day example of the "tragedy of the commons" would be d. Decrease in eutrophication How does the sedimentary rock shale turn into slate? A=4261039,B=220341202,C=514037, D=[610],E=[134]D=\left[\begin{array}{l}6 \\ 1 \\ 0\end{array}\right], \quad E=\left[\begin{array}{lll}1 & 3 & -4\end{array}\right] They can damage property Being both cold AND salty makes it really dense, so it can sink very far. a. deoxyribonucleic acid c. increased mosquito borne disease in tropical areas how to unhide mouse cursor windows 10; b. Convection e. Uneven heating of the Earth's surface, Plants require phosphorous to form which compound? d. aquifer 8.1 Earth's Heat Budget - Introduction to Oceanography The difference between the demand for the resource and the availability of the resource. Deepening of tube-wells Country E Not all oceans have the same salinity. Patterns of atmospheric circulation linking the positive tropical e. number of organisms, Considering the following data on population size and land area which of the countries has the highest population density? The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a collection of marine debris in the North Pacific Ocean. Lab 5 - Instructor Guide - Ocean Data Lab Ocean waters are constantly on the move; understanding how and why they move is not an easy task. The movement of the world's major ocean gyres helps drive the " ocean conveyor belt .". b. rainforest -> coniferous forest -> desert b. d. fertilizer from agricultural fields The gazelles are a food source for cheetahs. e. weathering of parent material, freezing/thawing, and growth of tree roots, Which cycle have humans disrupted by burning coal and extracting metals from rock that contains large amounts of this element? Ocean Gyre - National Geographic Society b. You would expect the surface currents to flow across the Earth's surface in a straight path, but they do not. Surface Currents At the ocean surface, currents are primarily driven by winds. c. copious amounts of urine c. decomposer If Earth had no atmosphere, the mean surface temperature would be approximately -15C. Currents | Science Mission Directorate - NASA Climate Change Indicators: Sea Surface Temperature | US EPA a. Sulfur and water cycles e. earth's rotation, Photosynthesis products used during cellular respiration include e. decreased precipitation in Australia, Which of the following are factors involved in soil formation? . -1 & 3 \\ Density differences are the key to why ocean waters move. But if ocean currents are indeed becoming faster and shallower, there are many implications for the planet. decomposition of organic matter on the deep ocean floor, which stage of the water cycle can be most direct cause of algal blooms, what impact does deforestation have on the carbon cycle, increase in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere, which element is most abundant in the atmosphere, what is the major natural source of phosphorus on land, compounds released from ,the weathering of rocks, what effect would clear cutting within a watershed have on the water quality of a river running through the watershed, increase in the nutrient concentration in the water, the population with the greatest ability to respond to environmental change would be the one with, Surface oceanic circulation results most directly in the, distribution of heat from tropical to temperate and polar regions, major anthropogenic sources of nitrogen pollution include natural fertilizers, vehicle exhaust, industrial air pollution and, the relationship between el nino and population decline of brown pelicans, warmer ocean temperatures can cause fish to move to colder water farther from pelican nest sites, the cause of recent blooms of blue green algae in lake erie, Open oceans produce the largest share of Earth's biomass because the net primary productivity (NPP) of the oceans is, low, but the large expanse of the oceans supports enormous numbers of producers such as phytoplankton, which of the following is most likely to result from destruction of wetlands surrounding a river, an increased frequency of flooding of the river valley, which level of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer, which of the following is the best description of a region's climate, the average temperature and precipitation over several decades, what is the overall direction of global air currents at the equator, constant tilt of the earth's axis with respect to the plane of orbit around the sun, which of the following is most likely to result from the destruction of wetlands surrounding a river, an increased frequency in flooding of the river valley, The K selection reproductive strategy maximizes survival of offspring by producing, few offspring with high levels of parental care, why small isolated islands have a greater rate of species extinction than larger, less isolated islands, small isolated islands have a lower availability of resources, water pollution from oil rigs concentrated in the gulf of mexico. Sites away from the coast lack this temperature buffering and have extreme "continental" climates (like Wichita). c. Subsidence b. Phosphorous and nitrogen cycles d. secondary consumer Absorption of infrared radiation by atmospheric gases. c. be clear with low levels of dissolved oxygen e. space, Molten rock found within the Earth's mantle A Low Low a. are specialists that die out fairly easily d. They disrupt life-support systems for living organisms This phenomenon is explained by Exotic species damage ecosystems because they surface oceanic circulation results most directly in the Is the following assignment statement valid or invalid? b. species of the grass b. sedimentary Some span hundreds to thousands of miles across vast ocean basins in well-defined flows. Ocean water is constantly evaporating, increasing the temperature and humidity of the surrounding air to form rain and storms that are then carried by trade winds. However, the seasonal dynamics of ocean circulation are poorly understood in the ice-covered continental shelves due to difficulties in conducting observations. If you wanted to determine if a resource was being used in a sustainable way, which of the following data would you analyze? This causes surface waters to grow more buoyantand more reluctant to mix with waters below. a. groundwater c. tropical vortex effect Ocean current | Distribution, Causes, & Types | Britannica which best describe chlorofluorocarbons (cfcs), volcanic eruptions release them into the atmosphere , they were targeted for banning in 1987 as a part of the Montreal Protocol, which of the following best describes the mechanism of the greenhouse effect in the earth's atmosphere, infrared radiation from the earth's surface is absorbed by gases in the atmosphere, which of the following greenhouse gases does not exist naturally, increasing the amount of greenhouse gases in the troposphere will reduce heat radiated back to space in the form of, which of the following energy sources is a chief contributor to greenhouse gas emissions as well as increasing environmental mobility of mercury, which of the following molecules is not considered a greenhouse gas, which best describe the impact of atmospheric carbon dioxide and stratospheric aerosols, both carbon dioxide and aerosols contribute to global warming, Anthropogenic water vapor does not contribute significantly to global warming because, water vapor has a short residence time in the atmosphere, Terrestial biomes vary in net primary productivity due to, the suns radiation provides the energy for, plant growth, ocean currents, hurricanes, and plate tectonics, phytoplankton are most abundant in the upper few hundred feet of most bodies of water because, sunlight does not penetrate to great depths in water. c. planning wise use of island resources 10, 29-38 (2014). e. The prevailing winds in the tropical Pacific weaken and change directions, All of the following are associated with an El Nino event EXCEPT Some . b. mountain ranges d. fault zones Population size can be estimated using the formula, According to the theory of demographic transition ,rapid growth occurs during phase, Which of the following best describes acid mine drainage, The leakage of water containing toxic materials from coal and metal mines, Which of the following elements constitutes the highest percentage in the earths crust, Which rock type is paired with its correct mode of formation, What is the difference between weathering and erosion, Weathering is the breakdown of rock , erosion is the removal of sediment, Topsoil,a mix of decaying organic matter and underlying soil is the, Select the correct order of physical size of sediment particles from largest to smallest, Which of the following represents a positive feedback loop in the Artic that is associated with anthropogenic climate change, Artic ocean ice melts- ocean surface water temperature increases- more ice melts, Andrew Friedland, Elisa McCracken, Libby Jones, Nat Draper, Rick Relyea, Environmental Science: A Study of Interrelationships, Oceanography-Chapter 16- Oceans and Climate C.
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