So let's travel to a distant land; affect your best English accent and repeat after us, And now for something completely different. General Motors contracted with Falconer, a specialty engine builder, to construct a 5.0-liter, high-performance version of the inline-six. This combination allowed for the production of 1.06 horsepower per cubic inch a total of 270 horsepower at 6,000 rpm. And he just started swapping one into a Fiat 118G. Forged solid skirt This type of piston can mainly be found in high performance series production and racing engines. E. The front accessory drive is all stock, including the water and A/C pumps. The guys on Hot Rod Garage are building a couple of 4.2l engines to compare with the Barra (an Aussie) engine. The 4.2-liter Atlas LL8, otherwise called the Vortec 4200, was a groundbreaking engine for GM. But despite this, the innovative inline-six didnt enjoy a long life. Apr 4, 2023 It is filtered by a combination of Fram HP8A full-flow and Amsoil bypass filters that clean the oil every 45 minutes of engine run time. The Vortec 4200s second foray into racing came at Pikes Peak. The Atlas program began in 1995 along with the planning for GM's next-generation mid-size SUVs and pickup trucks. However, some of the pistons and pins are color coded. As you were browsing something about your browser made us think you were a bot. Still, that doesnt negate the unique nature of GMs forgotten inline engine family. Original poster. The Vortec 4200 featured a deep-skirted block that added strength to the crank area. Pistons JavaScript is disabled. During development, Tom Sutter reverted to his time developing the Oldsmobile Quad Four, GMs first four-valve per cylinder engine. Results 1 - 25 Vortec 4200 4 Estimated International Ship Date: The Isuzu i-350, the badge-engineered version of the Chevy Colorado, also made use of the inline-five. Bet they are just a forged stock replacement piston. He wasn't happy with the original Pontiac single-overhead-cam (SOHC) six and opted for an '05 Vortec 4200 (4.2L) purchased from Parts Planet in Rancho Cordova, California. This provides the pistons with significantly improved heat removal properties, especially in the first ring groove. Please note that Checkout Prices will be in US Dollars. We reached out to GM and found Tom Sutter, the Assistant Chief Engineer for the Atlas. It produces 242hp (180kW) at 5,600 rpm and 242lbft (328Nm) at 4,600 rpm. Twin overhead camshafts were used to control the exhaust and intake valves separately. He also built a custom trans crossmember along with fabbed subframe connectors. These vehicles were designed around the I6 engine. The Vortec 2800 was the standard engine for the Colorado, Canyon, and Isuzu i-280. We considered variable valve timing on the intake side, for sure, Sutter said. Ring carrier pistons with pin boss bushes These pistons for diesel engines have a ring carrier made from special cast iron that is connected metallically and rigidly with the piston material in order to make it more wear resistant, in particular in the first groove. Even GMs lineup of V-6 engines is impressive, ranging from the 60-degree V-6 that powered nearly every GM car from 1980 through 2010, up to the twin-turbocharged V-6 powering the Cadillac ATS-V. Tuesday 3/7/2023 Estimated International Ship Date: For race/ off road use or for use on pre-1966 vehicles. CHEVROLET 4.8L/294 Pistons - Summit Racing Equipment Pro LS 2618 Forged Pistons. Speed-Pro developed powerforged pistons and set the pace in powerforged technology. GM even experimented with adding boost for a high-performance Chevy Trailblazer variant. Apr 25, 2023, Pistons, Dish, Competition Series, Forged Aluminum, 4.070 in. G. One reason this installation looks so clean is because the majority of fabrication work is hidden underneath the engine. GM Chevy Vortec 4200 4.2L Inline 6 Connecting Rods Molnar Technologies H Beam rods are extremely strong performance parts which are machined from billet 4340 steel, and then heat treated to provide improved strength. They also had a reduced risk of fuel leakage, which would lead to the cylinders getting soaked with fuel when not running. Print Share. The Vortec 4200 featured a deep-skirted block that added strength to the crank area. It was the first Atlas engine, and was introduced in 2002 for the Chevrolet TrailBlazer, GMC Envoy, and Oldsmobile Bravada.The engine was also used in the Buick Rainier, Saab 9-7X, and Isuzu Ascender.. Apr 24, 2023 Our Promise: More Precise, More Quicker, More Satisfying. Nevertheless, the Vortec 4200 and its Atlas family soldier on in millions of GM vehicles the world over. All browsing and transactions within are secured by an SSL Certificate with high-strength encryption. D. That's a Hogan sheetmetal- fabricated intake manifold that Wieser felt was necessary for better performance. B16A Forged Pistons; B20 Forged Pistons; AMC. Racetec piston #1003628 is setup for stock bore with a 6 inch rod and a 0.927" pin. ( 2 ), Estimated USA Ship Date: The Atlas high-tech features and innovative construction seem lost to most enthusiasts who arent normally interested in early- and mid-2000s GM SUVs and compact pickups. A bearing beam, or ladder, connected the seven main bearing caps longitudinally, further stiffening the block. Sizes: CNC machined all Sizes and Angles for More precise. To make the rods even stronger, they are shot peened which increases fatigue life. [4], The LLR (also called Vortec 3700), is a straight-5 DOHC engine with dual balance shafts produced from 2007 through 2012. The piston pins are packed in a way that protects them from corrosion and they are enclosed with the piston, as are the pin locking devices (if required). If you are an international customer and would like to change the currency that prices are displayed in, you can do so here. PIPER KING AIR 200 Piston Twin Aircraft For Sale in COUNCIL BLUFFS, IOWA 1 - 1 of 1 Listings. Amazingly, the block, crank, head, head gasket, cams, and valve sizes all remained untouched. More compression is good. refined. The LL8 shares 75% of its components with the LK5 and L52; while the LK5 and L52 share 89% of their components. It made its production debut for the 2002 model year. It produces 175hp (130kW) at 5,600 rpm and 185lbft (251Nm) of torque at 2,800 rpm. CHEVROLET 4.2L/256 Pistons - L6 Engine Type - Summit Racing CHEVROLET 7.4L/454 Chevy big block Gen VI Pistons - Forged aluminum 68SS ZZ4, 4sp T-10, 12 bolt, getting painted<P>78Z28, 330hp vortec, TH350, 10 bolt (just finished) If you are located in the United States select "Apply" to have access to US delivery options and In-Store Pickup. Copyright 2023 by AUTOSALES, INCORPORATED Get information of our newest products and promotions . The piston rings have been mounted with the greatest of care. The LL8 (or Vortec 4200), is a straight-6 gasoline engine produced from 2002 to 2009. Talk to the experts. Icon Chevy 350 Vortec Forged Pistons, .163 Dome, 6.0 Rod made by Icon Pistons, for as low as $580.99. 2003 saw a slight bump in power to 275hp (205kW), while torque was unchanged. Because of the efficient cooling and the decreased risk of detonation, the Vortec 4200 was able to run its high compression ratio without the need for premium fuel. Valve recess depth. The cam is a XE 284H .507/0510 lift Filter my search results to see Summit Racing brand parts. The result is a super detailed engine block that requires very little rough machining. This includes the alternator, A/C compressor, and idler pulley. Engineers added twin Aerodyne turbos tuned to generate 8.5 pounds of boost. The engine redline is 6,300 rpm. Engine oil flowed into the phaser and operated a helical spline and piston. Inliner Member 1716 65 Chevelle Wagon and 41 Hudson Pickup Information and parts www.12bolt.com. No matter what your high-performance application calls for, there is an ICON piston for you. Saturday 3/4/2023, Pistons, Dish, 12 Degree LS2K Series, Forged Aluminum, 4.125 in. This alleviated the need for a separate Exhaust Gas Recirculation system, or EGR. Its displacement jumped to 3.7 liters thanks to a larger 3.76-inch bore. They have cast-in steel strips but are not slotted. GM also broke ground in the SUV segment by using dual overhead cams with roller-followers to control the four valves per cylinder. The engine simply wouldnt fit in other applications. Over the course of those projects hes gathered a lot of information on the motor and shares it on the Vortec 4200 Wiki. Bore, -20.00cc Head Volume, Chevy, LSX, Set of 8, Pro LS 2618 Forged Piston, 3.810 bore, 1.110 C.H., 5cc dish, 4.000in. GM even used its relatively new manufacturing method for the Atlas engine block and cylinder head. The stated piston diameter added to the corresponding clearance gives the cylinder diameter. Sutter has been involved with engine programs for the last 30 years, ranging from Oldsmobiles Quad Four to Cadillacs current V-Series mills. Off the shelf aftermarket domed pistons for the 1996-2002 5.7L V8 "Ramjet 350" L31 engine may be available and they may fit the 4.3L V6 engine with 1996 and later Vortec heads but I have never noticed . GM says this helped eliminate play in the belt-drive system since each component was perfectly positioned in relation to the block. The Platinum Series also features tool-steel wrist pins, an exact ring-groove . Furthermore, GMs first stab at variable valve timing was put into place on the exhaust side. It was built on a Trans Am chassis with a modified front subframe, this 4WD Envoy rode on cut-and-grooved tires powered by the same hand-built race version of the Vortec 4200. Standard 4.00" bore H815DCP Hypereutectic Pistons & Moly Rings Combo Used Piston Twin Aircraft For Sale in COUNCIL BLUFFS, IOWA 1 - 1 of 1 Saturday 3/4/2023, Pistons, Dish, Competition Series, Forged Aluminum, 4.030 in. With a turbocharger and some tuning, this simple GM SOHC inliner is now making 470 flywheel horsepower and 450 lb-ft of torque with a mild 8 psi of boost while limiting the factory rotating assembly to just 5,800 rpm. Exclusive V-rib adds strength without adding weight but allows maximum cooling. 3.780 bore, 1.326 C.H., 2cc dome, Std. The 1996 and later Vortec heads have the heart shaped combustion chambers. Driven by Larry Ragland, the 81 Vortec Trailblazer only competed in those two Baja races before retiring to Raglands garage. Those pistons can be paired with Crower B93913B rods. This included the Chevrolet Trailblazer, GMC Envoy, Buick Rainier, Oldsmobile Bravada, Isuzu Ascender, and Saab 9-7X. This commonality throughout the Atlas family was certainly a big attraction, both for ease of manufacturing and keeping costs in check. We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. Those are the "Vortec" heads, regardless what the engine cover says. Whats more, the individual coils could better control spark timing. Be sure to ask for 7/16 rod bolts as the part number. Both the Equinox and Traverse utilized transversely mounted engines, and as Sutter mentioned, the straight-six was simply too long for mounting sideways. Vehicle/Engine Search Vehicle/Engine Search Make/Model Search Make/Engine Search Departments; Brands; Savings Central . Those trucks used GMs 4.3-liter V-6 as their base engine, which was based on the GM small-block V-8. Saturday 3/4/2023, Pistons, Flat Top, Competition Series, Forged Aluminum, 4.070 in. The system used an electronic throttle with no mechanical linkage between the gas pedal and the throttle body. Read More. The water pump and oil pump were integrated directly into the front of the block. And thanks to the number of valves, their sizes were kept small to help with cooling. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Price Range Filter Options Savings Central Selected Filters Part Type: Pistons Make: CHEVROLET Engine Size: 5.7L/350 It was a packaging thing, said Sutter. The pistons and con rods must always be assembled in the prescribed installation direction. Because of its length, torsional vibration from end to end had to be mitigated, otherwise, the crankshaft would be susceptible to twisting. MAHLE pistons are reliable. The Vortec 3500 saw service in GMs compact pickups, the first-generation Chevrolet Colorado and GMC Canyon. Mar 20, 2023 Despite the long list of similarities between the I-4, I-5, and I-6, the smaller engines were built at the Tonawanda Engine Plant in Tonawanda, New York. If you are Building ANY style of the GM Atlas Vortec 4, 5 or 6 Cylinder In-Line Aluminum Engines.You will save yourself ONE HUGE PITA by avoiding the use of Standard Spring Steel-Hex Wrench Clamped or Ratcheting Pliers Style Piston Ring Compressors and opt instead to get a Wiseco 93mm One Piece Tapered Special Tool for this Purpose. Estimated International Ship Date: This kept torque levels at near-peak levels throughout the rev range and allowed a higher maximum horsepower without killing fuel efficiency or hindering drivability at lower rpm levels. A third-party browser plugin, such as Ghostery or NoScript, is preventing JavaScript from running. Stroke, .Gen.4 Rod, NA/Boost/Nitrous, Coated, 4.8L 5.3L LS Vortec Truck, Set of 8, Estimated USA Ship Date: B18C5 Forged Pistons; C30A NSX Pistons; C32B NSX Pistons; Acura Honda. Starting with 2618 alloy heat treated to high strength T-6 specifications, these give you the best . Need some help from one of you engine guys. The same aluminum and heat-treating were also used for the cylinder head. 350, Dome Piston Style, Forged Aluminum Piston Material. Stroke, .Gen.4 Rod, NA/Boost/Nitrous, Coated, 4.8L 5.3L LS Vortec Truck, Set of 8, Estimated USA Ship Date: vortec heads and dome pistons | Hot Rod Forum Thread starter Drec; Start date May 2, 2020; Drec. The I6 version was used in a Baja 1000 racing truck, winning its first race in a class that also included V8 engines. Piston Rings. Learn how your comment data is processed. All Molnar rods are finished in the United States at the Molnar Technologies shop in Michigan. ), production of the LL8 also ended. A. Wieser started with a Walbro GSS 340 in-tank fuel pump, stock 26-lb/hr injectors, and 5 psi of boost but quickly learned he needed bigger injectors and a larger pump. Turbo Vortec 4200 Inline-Six - Horsepower! - MotorTrend Ring carrier pistons with cooling channel These pistons are used in conditions with particularly high operating temperatures. (43), In Stock, Including at a Supplier. Bore, -15.00cc Head Volume, Chevy, LS, Set of 8, Piston, Hypereutectic, Flat, 3.809 in. The intake manifold was kept short in order to accommodate easy access to the spark plugs. (4.000" bore x 3.48" stroke). [5], The LLV (also called Vortec 2900) is a 2.9L; 178.3cuin (2,921cc) straight-4 DOHC engine produced between 2007 and 2012, with a 95.5mm 102mm (3.76in 4.02in) bore and a stroke. He eventually figured it out. (79), Summit Racing Pro LS Forged Pistons SUM-326943780-2F, Summit Racing Pro LS Forged Pistons SUM-326943780-7F, Summit Racing Pro LS Forged Pistons SUM-326945780-2P, Summit Racing Pro LS Forged Pistons SUM-326945780-7P, Diamond Pistons Competition Series Pistons 11545-R1-8, Diamond Pistons Competition Series Pistons 11543-R1-8, Diamond Pistons Competition Series Pistons 11519-R1-8, Diamond Pistons Competition Series Pistons 11546-R1-8, Speed-Pro Hypereutectic Pistons H1132CPA .50MM, Diamond Pistons Race Series Pistons 21557-RS-8, Summit Racing Pro LS Forged Pistons SUM-1109273810-5, Summit Racing Pro LS Forged Pistons SUM-326943810-2F, Diamond Pistons Competition Series Pistons 11512-R1-8, Summit Racing Pro LS Forged Pistons SUM-110927381012, Summit Racing Pro LS Forged Pistons SUM-1109273820-5, Diamond Pistons Competition Series Pistons 11589-R1-8, Summit Racing Pro LS Forged Pistons SUM-326945810-7P, Summit Racing Pro LS Forged Pistons SUM-326943785-2F, Summit Racing Pro LS Forged Pistons SUM-326945810-2P, Diamond Pistons Competition Series Pistons 11521-R1-8, Speed-Pro Hypereutectic Pistons H1132CPA .75MM, Summit Racing Pro LS Forged Pistons SUM-326943810-7F, Diamond Pistons Competition Series Pistons 11517-R1-8. Herzog Motorsports also ran another Vortec Trailblazer in the Best In The Desert Nevada 2000. As Truck Trend pointed out in its 2002 review, these performance stats put the twin-turbo Trailblazer squarely against the then-current BMW X5. Joined: Nov 2019. A similar design was sketched for the Atlas and eventually became an integral part of the project. Pooling fuel will seep past piston rings and contaminate the engine oil, so this was a huge advantage. As a result, they form a uniform body with extreme strength. The oil pump was refined to limit noise; and the cam-chain tensioner was improved for quieter operation. The Atlas program got its start around the same time, with GM sold on the benefits of an inline engine. [3], The L52 (also called Vortec 3500), is a straight-5 DOHC engine produced from 2004 through 2006. The bearing beam sat sandwiched between the main caps and main cap bolts. C. The base engine is an '05 Vortec 4200, but Wieser says '06 to '07 engines offer a better-flowing cylinder head with more cam timing. Estimated International Ship Date: Pistons. You're a power user moving through this website with super-human speed. Posts: 24 . It was the cancellation of the GMT360 platform in 2009 that spelled the end for the Vortec 4200. These pistons has 1.50mm-1.50mm-3.0mm ring grooves & can be free floated but LR63 locks not included & must be . Formerly KB Forged Pistons. There is a lot of great information if you are interested in installing or modifying a Vortec 4200 inline-six. It may not display this or other websites correctly. Chevy vortec engine rods-4.2 vortec conrods-chevy vortec rods MAHLE pistons are OE quality and have many premium OE features. Distance From Council Bluffs, Iowa Update. of 129, Pro LS 2618 Forged Pistons. Ships In a Few Days. The system operated at 350 kPa and used Multec II injectors that were more precise than past injectors. 4cyl 2.500-2.999 in. Larger brakes borrowed from the Trailblazer EXT and sticky BFGoodrich tires helps shave 12 feet of its 60-to-0 distance for a total of 120 feet. Estimated International Ship Date: It used the same 3.7-inch cylinder bore and 4.0-inch piston stroke as the Vortec 4200, along with the same rods, pistons, and valves. The skunkworks project kicked off shortly after the Trailblazers launch in 2002. Part of GMs sizable investment into the Atlas project afforded room for future advancements. 3.780 bore, 1.326 C.H., 7cc dish, Std. You must log in or register to reply here. The 5.0-liter inline-six pushed the race truck to win the Trick Truck class, beating the next race team by more than 30 minutes and coming in second in the overall completion. CHEVROLET 5.7L/350 Chevy small block Gen I Pistons - Free Shipping on Orders Over $99 at Summit Racing Bore (in.) This included the larger displacement version of the four- and five-cylinder engines. [3] This five-cylinder engine achieves better fuel economy and performance than the six-cylinder, but with more power and torque than the four-cylinder. Wieser thinks he can squeeze 10 pounds of boost out of the turbo to make 500 hp, but he also has plans for a new, more aggressive 4200 with forged pistons, aftermarket rods, and a later '07 head that will allow him to punch the power up to perhaps 600 hp with 14 to 15 psi. May 2, 2020 #1 The guys on Hot Rod Garage are building a couple of 4.2l engines to compare with the Barra (an Aussie) engine. Bore, -2.00cc Head Volume, Chevy, LS, Set of 8, Estimated USA Ship Date: Saturday 3/4/2023, Pro LS 2618 Forged Pistons. This was designed to quell vibrations to the components mounted above, including the individual ignition coils. Apr 25, 2023 From the FHR series to the LCAT, ICON offers the most diverse and fully-featured "Off the Shelf" forged piston on the market today. I understand, but they can only pack so much in a half-hour program. Each rod set for the GM Vortec 4200 inline 6 engine includes ARP2000 series fasteners which are a Molnar Technologies proprietary design, assembly lubricant and installation guidelines. HOT ROD GARAGE: Season 7, Episode 85 - Does America Make a Better Barra?!?! MAHLE's eutectic (12% silicon) aluminum alloy is performance proven . Who says you need eight cylinders to have a party? Fine-tuning polishes everything up to exact tolerances. Calvin Nelson has swapped a Vortec 4200 inline-six into a Studebaker Lark and Fairmont Futura.And he just started swapping one into a Fiat 118G.Over the course of those projects he's gathered a lot of information on the motor and shares it on the Vortec 4200 Wiki.There is a lot of great information if you are interested in installing or modifying a Vortec 4200 inline-six. The design was chosen thanks to the large volume of air four valves can move, while the roller-followers provided a smoother operation with less friction than conventional lifters, adding to the engines efficiency. The 4200 also relies on an electronic throttle that Wieser has retained on his turbo version. ( 1 ), Estimated USA Ship Date: The innovative intake manifold featured an 180-degree bend, bringing air into the throttle body just above the engine and wrapping it around into the cross-flow cylinder head. Chrysler Dodge Mopar Vortec 4200 Rods . The hue and cry continue over the preponderance of LS engines in this magazine, and it has not gone unnoticed. The Forgotten Inline Engine: GMs 4.2-liter Atlas I-6, What Nobody Is Telling You About Hydrogen Combustion Engines, Five Popular Motorcycle Companies With Chinese Connections, 10 Reasons Why The BMW X6 Is The Ultimate Midsize Coupe. vortec 4200 forged pistons. Apr 24, 2023, Pro LS 2618 Forged Pistons. The aluminum is very similar to the aluminum used in wheels, but is heat-treated to increase strength. Pistons, Pro Tru Street Pistons, 4.030 in. Use Style C rings (1/16", 1/16", 3/16"). Bore, -2.00cc Head Volume, Chevy, LS, Set of 8, 5.0 out of 5 stars The high silicon VMS-75 alloy is found exclusively in pistons powerforged by Speed-Pro. The Trailblazer SS competed most closely with the Jeep Grand Cherokee SRT-8, which debuted for the 2007 model year. They feature coil-on-plug ignition systems,[1] variable valve timing on the exhaust side, electronic throttle control, and a special oil pan with a pass-through for the half shafts in four-wheel drive vehicles. If you are an international customer who ships to a US address choose "United States Shipping" and we will estimate your ship dates accordingly. He could even be found working on tractors or hay bailers while on vacation at his uncles farm. Prior to assembly, the con rods have been checked to see that their bores are on parallel axes (to ensure that there has been no bending or twisting), and if necessary, they have been replaced. Copyright 2005-2022 KingTec Racing Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved. This early adopter only had VVT on the exhaust side, however, but allowed for 25 degrees of exhaust cam phasing. That represents a mere 50-horsepower and 50 pound-foot of torque decrease over the I-6. FERROTHERM A steel piston top and an aluminum piston skirt that are flexibly connected via the gudgeon pin. TRW NOS forged pistons question - Inliners International Bulletin Board GMTNation.com uses SSL to secure all traffic between our server and your browsing device. Introduced two years after the Vortec 4200, the Vortec 3500 used nearly all the same parts and construction practices as its six-cylinder brother. 3.780 bore, 1.326 C.H., 2cc dome, Std. The episode is #40, with an air date of 5/1/2020. 470HP Vortec 4200 GM Inline-SixJeff Wieser, Dublin CA. Stroke, .Gen.4 Rod, NA/Boost/Nitrous, Coated, 4.8L 5.3L LS Vortec Truck, Set of 8, 5.0 out of 5 stars These matching horsepower and torque figures would mirror changes taking place with the Vortec 4200 for the 2004 model year. Do they have a chamfer on piston top near the ring? The four-inch stroke remained untouched. Stay Updated with Emails from Summit Racing. With the closure of the Moraine, Ohio, plant and the discontinuation of the GMT360 platform (Chevrolet TrailBlazer, GMC Envoy, etc. Call 800.979.0122, 7am-10pm, everyday. The engine redline is 6,300 rpm. The episode is #40, with an air date of 5/1/2020. The story of GMs high-tech straight-six and why it died. Vortec 4200 build on Hot Rod Garage. After completing the CAPTCHA below, you will immediately regain access to the site again. Stroke, 6.125 Rod, NA/Boost/Nitrous,Coated, 4.8L 5.3L LS Vortec Truck, Set of 8, 4.0 out of 5 stars These parts may not be exchanged for others under any circumstances. It featured an all-aluminum construction, dual overhead cams with variable valve timing on the exhaust side, four valves per cylinder, a coil-on-plug ignition system, a high compression ratio of 10:1, and its cylinder heads featured GMs then-prevalent Vortec engineering designed to maximize airflow. This listing is for (8) Standard bore 4.00" hyper Pistons and matching Moly Ring Set compatible replacements for Chevrolet 350 Vortec 5.7 1996-2002. The LL8 was on the Ward's 10 Best Engines list for 2002 through 2005 and was the basis for all the other Atlas engines. It would be better if it was longer. It has four valves per cylinder, utilizes dual-overhead cams (DOHC) design, and features variable valve timing on the exhaust cam, a first for GM inline engines. AUTOTHERMATIK- / HYDROTHERMATIK These pistons are used mainly in gasoline and diesel engines for passenger cars under heavy load conditions. Two-stroke These pistons are mainly used in gasoline and diesel engines for passenger cars under heavy load conditions. Large coolant chambers were routed around the valves and the center-mounted spark plugs, further helping the engine run cooler.
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