The Spanish-American War and Its Consequences. Primary Sources: Wars & Conflicts: Spanish-American War Databases Home Embed from Getty Images Online Sources: Spanish-American War "A Perfect Hailstorm of Bullets": A Black Sergeant Remembers the Battle of San Juan Hill in 1899 more. These war hawks, following the geopolitical arguments made popular by Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan, stressed the strategic importance of Cuba. a. Maine, killing 266 men on board. Message from the President of the United States : transmitting the report of the Naval Court of Inquiry upon the Destruction of the United States Battle Ship Maine in Havana Harbor, February 15, 1898, together with the testimony taken before the court. Primary Sources are immediate, first-hand accounts of a topic, from people who had a direct connection with it. What clues can you gather about the time, place, players, and culture? Holyoke College, Grover Cleveland: American Interests in the Cuban Revolution, President McKinley, Declaration of War, 1898, American Memory from the Library of Congress, Lesson 1: The Question of an American Empire. Of the two-thirds of 27 Questions Show answers. Its /Type /Page War in Motion Pictures using the term reenactment.. With its victory in the SpanishAmerican War the United States claimed status as a global political-military power. /Root 13 0 R On this date in 1898, American troops fighting in the Spanish-American War raised the United States flag in Puerto Rico formalizing U.S. control of this former Spanish colony. opposition to the war. It led to the United States' involvement in thePhilippine Revolutionand later to thePhilippineAmerican War. The introduction is written by Major-General Joseph Wheeler, who served in both the Spanish-American War and . This set includes a short film of Roosevelts Rough Riders. Describe how the Spanish-American War, war in the Philippines, and territorial expansion led to the debate over American imperialism. Purpose. trailer For additional reenactments, search The Spanish-American Emerging Global Involvement. Challenge students to determine its creators point of view or purpose, PDF The Mexican-American War: Arguments For and Against Going to War Newspapers in the United States printed sensationalized accounts of Spanish atrocities in Cuba, fueling humanitarian concerns. 0000025375 00000 n TheSpanishAmerican War(April 21 August 13, 1898) was a period ofarmed conflictbetweenSpainand theUnited States. Luke V. McCabe by Luke V. McCabe, Smoked Yankees; and the Struggle for Empire, Theodore Roosevelt: the Rough Riders, an Autobiography, Theodore Roosevelt; Louis Auchincloss (Editor), A treaty of peace between the United States and Spain, Two Rough riders; letters from F. Allen McCurdy and J. Kirk McCurdy, War correspondence (Hispano-American war) Letters from Dr. Nicholas Senn, Spanish-American War - Academic Video Online Database, "A Perfect Hailstorm of Bullets: A Black Sergeant Remembers the Battle of San Juan Hill in 1899, "Shameful Treachery": Hearsts Journal Blames Spain, "Suspended Judgment": A Times Editorial on the Maine Tragedy, American Imperialism: The Spanish American War, George Percival Scriven: An American in Bohol, the Philippines, 1899-1901, Guide to the Spanish American War (Library of Congress), Library of Congress: Images: Spanish-American War, Major Events of the Spanish-American War (Topics in Chronicling America) (Library of Congress), Papers relating to the foreign relations of the United States, with the annual message of the president transmitted to Congress December 5, 1898, Puerto Rico at the Dawn of the Modern Age: Nineteenth- and Early-Twentieth-Century Perspectives, Report of the Commission Appointed by the President to Investigate the Conduct of the War Department in the War with Spain (1900), v. 1, Report of the Commission Appointed by the President to Investigate the Conduct of the War Department in the War with Spain (1900), v. 2, Report of the Commission Appointed by the President to Investigate the Conduct of the War Department in the War with Spain (1900), v. 3, Report of the Commission Appointed by the President to Investigate the Conduct of the War Department in the War with Spain (1900), v. 4, Report of the Commission Appointed by the President to Investigate the Conduct of the War Department in the War with Spain (1900), v. 5, Report of the Commission Appointed by the President to Investigate the Conduct of the War Department in the War with Spain (1900), v. 6, Report of the Commission Appointed by the President to Investigate the Conduct of the War Department in the War with Spain (1900), v. 7, Report of the Commission Appointed by the President to Investigate the Conduct of the War Department in the War with Spain (1900), v. 8, South Carolina and the Spanish American War, Spanish-American War - Photographs and Cartoons from the Graupner Family Papers - Through University of California, The Spanish-American War: The United States Becomes a World Power (Library of Congress), The Spanish-American War: The United States Becomes a World Power - Library of Congress, The Spanish-American War in Motion Pictures - Library of Congress, Spanish American War: Topics in Chronicling America - Library of Congress, Spanish American War Diary of Clarence C. Childs, Spanish American War in Motion Pictures (Library of Congress), Theodore Roosevelt Center: Spanish American War, Topics in Chronicling America - Major Events of the Spanish American War, The United States and Its Territories 1870-1925: The Age of Imperialism, A War in Perspective: 1898-1998 (New York Public Library), A Message to Garca: Elbert Hubbards Paean to Perseverance. Republican President William McKinley, who assumed office in March 1897, likewise sought a diplomatic solution in which Spain would grant substantial autonomy to Cuba. One major result of the Spanish-American War was that the United States, The United States has intervened in Latin America affairs when United States self-interest has been involved, Which statement best summarizes the United States policy in Latin America in the 20th century. A new Spanish commander, General Valeriano Weyler, waged a counterinsurgency campaign that brought the civilian population into concentration camps. The excerpt, which is about two-and-a-half pages long, is included here along with six questions about the text. Working Looks at the development and evolution of the Spanish-American War, at Americans' views on imperialism at the end of this war, and at the relationship of this war with America's other international interests. Announcement of peace; Signatures. TheSpanishAmerican War(April 21 August 13, 1898) was a period ofarmed conflictbetweenSpainand theUnited States. regiment known as the Rough Riders. Once students have completed their research, they are to create a magazine in which all of these articles are presented. Q. Letter of Jack M. Russell complaining about recruiting in Kentucky during the Spanish-American War (SC 2692), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives. Which American ship exploded in Havana harbor on February 15, 1898? ", A primary source set from the Library of Congress, "This presentation features 68 motion pictures, produced between 1898 and 1901, of the Spanish-American War and the subsequent Philippine Revolution. 0000031664 00000 n /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Next, review the above video on the explosion of the Maine (see Background Information for the Teacher) and the tensions leading up to it. Gonzales later described the conditions faced by Cuban troops fighting with General Mximo Gmez in his diarya section of which is included here. endobj While the Rough Riders fired the first shot in the war and were the first to raise the U.S. flag in Cuba, their exploits were greatly mythologized.In fact, Cuban troopswho had already been waging an armed struggle for independence from Spain for three years before the U.S. intervened in 1898were crucial to the success of the larger war against Spain. According to the U.S. Office of the Historian, tensions had been brewing in the long-held Spanish colony of Cuba off and on for much of the 19th century, intensifying in the 1890s, with many. Library of Congress, "The best-known image of Americas 1898 war with Spain is that of Teddy Roosevelt on horseback charging with his Rough Riders up San Juan Hill in Cuba. Analyze multiple and complex causes and effects of events in the past. Hostilities began in the aftermath of the internal explosion of the USSMaineinHavana HarborinCuba, leading to United States intervention in theCuban War of Independence. What arguments can be made for or against the new role of the United States as Full text of the controversial De Lme letter. Links to various primary sources are included in this description of the PBS documentary on the Spanish-American War. The government in Madrid did not feel it could make such concessions, however, in light of strong domestic opposition to surrendering the last vestiges of the Spanish empire. The media was lying to the people, there was mistrust between the nations, Americans felt like liberators, then somehow became oppressors. Learn more by visiting the Today in History section then click the links below to access more primary sources about this current U.S. commonwealth. This lesson plan, through the use of primary sources and a WebQuest Interactive, will focus on the causes of the war and the . Welcome to the War and Conflict Primary Source Guide. The obvious inference was that Spain was responsible. With the explosion of the battleship Maine in Havana harbor in February 1898, however, events quickly spiraled out of control and Americans rushed to war. The United States declared war against Mexico on May 13, 1846. Save time and discover engaging curriculum for your classroom. ;BrzA(~/28WHr\x%8+J;E38W._^Fk;-Ua> +j It is no exaggeration to say that that the United States owed its victory in the Revolutionary War to the Kingdom of France. >> On April 25, 1898 the United States declared war on Spain following the sinking of the Battleship Maine in Havana harbor on February 15, 1898. There may also be secondary sources included in these collections and it is up to the student to evaluate if the item qualifies as a primary or secondary source. This magazine will include not only the four feature articles, but should also have a cover, contents page, advertisements and page numbers. endobj find evidence that supports or contradicts the point of view in this cartoon. In its American territories, Spain 14 terms. Brown, Charles H. (Charles Henry), 1910-1993.; Spanish-American War Collection. This chapter most likely concerns. << Boca Raton, FL 33431 for that claim. This tutorial discusses American imperialism and what drove it. leaders of U.S. forces in this battle was Lieutenant The immediate cause of the Spanish-American War was Cuba's struggle for independence from Spain. Hostilities were halted on August 12, 1898. The Spanish-American War lasted only about ten weeks in 1898. A Massively Collaborative Open U.S. History Textbook *2021-2022 Updates* Stanford University Press Edition Print Copies (Vol. Trace the causes and debates that led to the Spanish-American War, including "yellow journalism" press coverage, President McKinley's declaration of war, and sentiments about imperialism. Ask students to think about what claim or argument each Click the title for location and availability information. Working with Primary Sources: The Spanish-American War - Lesson Planet Isolationism refers to America's longstanding reluctance to become involved in European alliances and wars. The SpanishAmerican War was fought with these larger goals in mind. Events derailed this plan. Message from the President of the United States : transmitting the report of the Naval Court of Inquiry upon the Destruction of the United States Battle Ship Maine in Havana Harbor, February 15, 1898, together with the testimony taken before the court. The Spanish-American War signaled the emergence of the US as a great power onto the world stage of international relations and diplomacy. This quotation illustrates the, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, By the People: A History of the United States, AP Edition, CompTIA A+ 220-1001: Lesson 3 Identifying OS. "Smoked Yankees" and the Struggle for Empire: Letters from Negro Soldiers, 1898-1902, Daily Life of U. S. Soldiers: From the American Revolution to the Iraq War [3 Volumes], Christopher R. Mortenson (Editor); Paul J. Springer (Editor), The Encyclopedia of the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars, The Greenwood Library of American War Reporting, David A. Copeland (Editor); Carol Sue Humphrey; Amy Reynolds; Donald L. Shaw, History of Negro Soldiers in the Spanish-American War, Letters of a Volunteer in the Spanish-American War, Photographic History of the War with Spain, Report of the Commission Appointed by the President to Investigate the Conduct of the War Department in the War with Spain, Kevin Hillstrom and Laurie Collier Hillstrom, Spanish-American War : A Documentary History with Commentaries, A treaty of peace between the United States and Spain, Two Rough riders; letters from F. Allen McCurdy and J. Kirk McCurdy, Understanding U. S. Military Conflicts Through Primary Sources, James R. Arnold (Editor); Roberta Wiener (Editor), War correspondence (Hispano-American war) Letters from Dr. Nicholas Senn. war. Examine the introduction to Our Islands in Their People, written by Major-General Joseph Wheeler. Reading and Transcribing Original Documents, https://kwlibguides.lonestar.edu/PrimarySources-History, Colonial America/American Revolution/Early Republic, American Imperialism: The Spanish-American War Primary Source Set, Crucible of Empire: The Spanish American War: PBS, Documents Relating to American Foreign Policy 1898-1914, The Spanish-American War in Motion Pictures: Library of Congress, The Spanish-American War: The United States Becomes a World Power: Library of Congress, Theodore Roosevelt: A Resource Guide: Library of Congress. Technological innovations changed reportage and NCSS.D2.His.15.9-12. A collection of primary sources from American history. Through early 1898, however, those who opposed American military intervention in Cuba held the upper hand. $20 million. LibGuides: Primary Sources: Wars & Conflicts: Spanish-American War Your school or district can sign up for Lesson Planet with no cost to teachers. There was widespread U.S. sympathy for Cubans as near neighbors fighting to gain their independence. Chiefly, it was a horrified response to World War I. Wiki User. Some sense of their importance can be gleaned from this account by N. G. Gonzales, the American editor of a pro-Cuban newspaper. Each picture should have your own written caption. How do his arguments differ from those of President Cleveland? Drew Barrymore Show Today's Recipe, the role of newspapers in the war? In a United States history textbook, one chapter discusses the Maine, yellow journalism, Admiral Dewey, and Cuba. The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898. Over 1.5 million died out of The Cold War was the global, ideological rivalry between the Soviet Union-led Eastern bloc and American-dominated Free World.. the war as an opportunity to sell newspapers. To conclude, discuss the Spanish American War with the students. One of the Vintage Masonic Ring With Diamond, This site has all of the information and resources that students need to complete the activity. an imperial power? revolutionary Jos Marti led an expedition to the b. eradicate /Size 29 %%EOF the youngest president to date later that year, when The second scrapbook (BANC PIC 1964.066) was assembled in 1898. 44d. Historians disagree whether McKinley reluctantly now followed an enraged American public into war or whether he actively shaped that opinion. U.S. government sought to stabilize the situation. I; Vol. On April 11, 1898, two months after the battleship U.S.S. The Spanish-American War. Roosevelt From the late fifteenth century to the mid-sixteenth century, So Tomsituated in the Gulf of Guineaimported more African slaves than Europe, the Americas, or the other Atlantic islands combined. Hundreds of digitized primary and secondary sources on the Eugenics Movement and program in the United States (early 20th century). The United States acquired a bunch of territories - Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico. dire, Write the letter for the word that best completes each sentence. Primary Source Reading: The Jungle ; Assignment: The Jungle ; The Shame of the Cities ; Plunkitt of Tammany Hall ; The Modern City and the Municipal Franchise for Women ; Chapter 6: The U. S. and the World: American Imperialism Toggle Dropdown. Maine, at anchor. Would students conclude that the American people have found military heroes to be good government leaders as well? The newly-modernized U.S. Navy defeated Spanish squadrons in the Caribbean and at Manila Bay in the Philippines, thereby controlling access to Spains vulnerable overseas possessions. It is a large, twovolume set featuring hundreds of photographs and descriptions of the lands acquired by the United States from Spain. for newspapers to publish photographs allowed the 0000007989 00000 n ck10144. Yellow journalism was a style of newspaper reporting that emphasized sensationalism over facts. There had been war scares before, as in theVirginiusAffairin 1873. Expert Answers. Letters written by Frank Morehead Thomas to his family while he served as a chaplain during the Spanish-American War (MSS 31 B3 F1), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives. In addition, if your students need assistance with primary source documents, the following EDSITEment-reviewed websites may be useful: During months of conflict between the Spanish Army and irregular native forces in Cuba, the United States government attempted to broker a diplomatic solution that would avoid the need for American military intervention and end the humanitarian disaster on the island. Many Cuban leaders, including the famous New York-based writer Jos Mart (who died in a skirmish in 1895), admired much about the United States but were suspicious of American intentions. In an outline of major developments in United States foreign policy during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which entry would be the . White southerners in general feared that war over Cuba would be fought in the interests of the industrial north and lead to a stronger federal government. These yellow journalists especially two competing New York newspapers (William Randolph Hearsts Journal and Joseph Pulitzers World) sensationalized the atrocities of Butcher Weyler and urged American intervention. The President insisted on Spanish acceptance of U.S. arbitration. In this interactive lesson from WGBH, students develop a written argument in response to the question "Was the U.S. justified in going to war with Spain in 1898?" As part of a 3-day lesson plan, your young historians will first develop working hypotheses to answer this question, then work with a variety of historical primary source documents Today, Cuba and America sometimes struggle with diplomatic relations, but did you know that America went to war against Spain to free Cuba? Teddy Roosevelt charging up the San Juan Heights, the Rough Riders and the sinking of the battleship, the U.S.S. This did not fully prevent illegal slave trading to the United States, which persisted until the American Civil War. Integrate evidence from multiple relevant historical sources and interpretations into a reasoned argument about the past. The island commanded critical maritime lines of communication into the Gulf of Mexico. A. island, attempting to seize power from Spain. Victory in the Spanish-American War transformed Alternatively, excerpted versions of these documents are available as part of the downloadable PDF. Using web-based primary sources and a WebQuest format, young scholars consider the causes and outcomes for the war. The Spanish diplomat's letter, which criticized President William McKinley, was leaked to the American press and ultimately fueled popular cries for intervention in Cuba against Spain. Victorious over Spain in Cuba and the Philippines, the United States, a nation founded in opposition to imperialism, grappled with its new role as an imperial power. Have students integrate the information from a number of primary sources and prepare This chapter most likely concerns. self-governing on January 1, 1898. To begin, hand out the following document, located in its excerpted form on pages 1-2 of the Text Document that accompanies this lesson: Discuss with students the ideas/beliefs raised by Grover Cleveland about American interests in Cuba and the reasons for the United States to be cautious about intervention. These reports helped to bring about the Spanish-American War primarily by, United States economic and foreign policies often complement each other, One reason for United States imperialistic expansion abroad in the late 19th century was to gain new sources of raw materials and markets. 30 seconds. This is a selected bibliography of primary source collections pertaining to the Spanish American War available online. Locate and bookmark suggested materials and links from EDSITEment reviewed websites used in this lesson. events from the war were actually re-enactments. What evidence can students find in the primary source set that some people were opposed to the war or The Cuban conflict was injurious to U.S. investments in the island, which were . Many Americans saw this development as a Students may research other military heroes who went into One scholar has concluded concerning the American occupation that "In the fifteen years that followed the defeat of the Spanish in Manila Bay in 1898, more Filipinos were killed by U.S. forces than by the Spanish in 300 years of colonization. Photographic History of the War with Spain, Report of the Commission Appointed by the President to Investigate the Conduct of the War Department in the War with Spain by United States, Reprint of a letter by Rev. /Type /Catalog Everything for the assignment, including specific instructions for each part and all of the resources, has been placed on the WebQuest. Las castas" - Painting containing complete set of 16 casta combinations. William McKinley on American Expanionism (1903) After the surrender of the Spanish in the Spanish-American War, the United States assumed control of the Philippines Digital collection of the National Archives, covering the Great Depression and WWII. Has the United States always been an empire? It is a central document in US history, as well as in Mexican history. The Spanish-American War Primary Sources - Shmoop The Spanish-American War Primary Sources. Short films showed such scenes as servicemen Why is it important to be able to Prominent statesmen like Theodore Roosevelt and Senator Henry Cabot Lodge argued that a great nation like the United States could not honorably stand by while Cuba was devastated and depopulated. power. This treaty gave the United But not only was the role of the Rough Riders exaggerated, it also displaced attention from the black soldiers who made up almost 25 percent of the U. S. force in Cuba. Primary Sources | The Spanish-American War: Primary Resources at WKU Please note, the library is not responsible for the content on these sources and it is the student's responsibility to properly cite from the proper location. "A Perfect Hailstorm of Bullets: A Black Sergeant Remembers the Battle of San Juan Hill in 1899, Library of Congress: Images: Spanish-American War, Papers relating to the foreign relations of the United States, with the annual message of the president transmitted to Congress December 5, 1898, Puerto Rico at the Dawn of the Modern Age, Spanish-American War - Photographs and Cartoons from the Graupner Family Papers, The Spanish-American War: The United States Becomes a World Power, The Spanish American War in Motion Pictures, Topics in Chronicling America - Major Events of the Spanish American War, The World of 1898: The Spanish-American War, A Message to Garca: Elbert Hubbards Paean to Perseverance. papers to publish more illustrations and less text. industrialist Andrew Carnegie, author Mark Twain, /Prev 51130 While it was not the primary reason for Americas declaration of war, it can be argued that it was partly responsible for influencing the American publics support. Guides: Primary Sources (U.S. History): Spanish American War This detailed, sharply written text has stood the test of time. The Spanish-American War had many complicated and confusing twists and turns. New technology that made it easier /S 120 SURVEY. To promote cooperation with the Cuban insurrectos and reassure European powers of U.S. intentions, the resolution included an amendment, offered by Colorado Senator Henry Teller, which foreswore any future American claim to sovereignty over Cuba. Maine was destroyed by an explosion in Havana harbor, President McKinley sent a message to Congress requesting authority to use the U.S. armed forces to end a brutal civil war in the Spanish colony of Cuba. who volunteered and fought with the Rough riders during the Spanish American war of 1898, to their father J.M. The conflict had complex beginnings. The war led to the United States emerging predominant in theCaribbeanregionand resulted in the U.S. acquisition ofSpain's Pacific possessions. Henry W. Grady, a newspaper editor in Atlanta, Georgia, coined the phrase the "New South in 1874. The Spanish-American War is examined and the acquisition of new territories by the United States. Cubans had the desire ______for from ______ever since 1868. The devastation caused by the Civil War was still within living memory. Though short in duration, the Spanish-American War is an integral part of history. The Spanish-American War lasted only six weeks and resulted in a decisive victory for the United States. With its victory in the Spanish-American War the United States claimed status as a global power and, in a relative absence of mind, it acquired something of an overseas empire. to annex it. members included former President Grover Cleveland,
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