The object only exists in the outer world, and it rotates around the globe in the lower space of the earth. The knowledge of the techne is his own or he has made that knowledge his own, but the production of knowledge, the products of that knowledge or the applications of the knowledge is through another and for another. as an object. To go into this matter here is much too complicated and I, frankly, am not sure that I am capable of it. Admittedly, our mathematical formulas no longer picture nature but merely represent our own grasp of nature. It is the object that determines the kind of knowledge that is most appropriate to it i.e. The unknowability of the black swan comes from our epistemic limitations, philosophical and empirical. Judgement itself is nottruth; judgement is only true when the reason for the connection is specified, when theratioor account is given. Human beings becoming a subjectum is to be found in the thinking of Descartes. The greatest constraint placed upon the pursuit of knowledge is that which is imposed by the principle of reason: nihil est sine ratione: nothing is without (a) reason. What challenges are raised by the dissemination and/or communication of knowledge? Our cognition, our conscious awareness, is a type of representational thinking which, in the presentation or the experience, some thing we encounter comes to stand, to a standstill, is put in a position or place. The noun logos and the verb legein from the Greek mean to gather together, to lay one beside the other. Not all knowledge is good, it seems. On most occasions we do not and this is due to our relation to the objects of the world that we have brought before us. This is really what the writings of this entire blog are about; and this is where thought begins, not where it is finished. Of course, the prompt should involve some thought regarding how we treat the world and the inhabitants within it and some thought must be given to how money is involved in many situations and conditions that students will have to face once they have made the grade and succeeded in the game where knowledge is valued according to its applications. You also create a document with the title of your IA prompt, images of the three objects, and you will also provide a commentary on each object that identifies each object and its specific real-world context. The choices made by parents and students indicate what we consider to be knowledge of value. Its fairly easy to argue that there are no uninteresting people: Consider making a list of uninteresting people; one of those people will be the youngest and being the youngest uninteresting person is, itself, interesting so they should be removed from the list. From Platos dialectic or that conversation that is conducted among friends, we have inductive and deductive logic, from diaeresisanddianoia,the separation and the bringing together. Not having a complete personal knowledge of how the computer or hand phone functions is not really necessary unless they do not work and we must consult the experts to find out what has gone wrong. Ethical obligations were called rendering what was due to some thing or another. The modern experiment essentially involves exact measurement. In other areas, there are few, for example, who understand the mathematics involved in quantum and relativity physics. The same principle operates in Islams rejection of any images of Allah for to represent Him as an image or idea turns Him into a thing. Can sets contain other sets? 1 a) Choose the IA prompts from the list of prescribed IA prompts (see below). What counts in a project is more like a decision than a discovery; it cannot be correct or incorrect: correctness, and criteria for it, only apply within the light shed by the project i.e. A sufficient reason is the identification of a subject or theme with its predicates; it is the identification of the causes for some things being what and how it is. Is it, however, possible for some things to be unknowable? But as Aristotle once said: For as the eyes of bats are to the blaze of day, so is the reason in our soul to the things which are by nature most evident of all.. Ignorance is rooted in unfamiliarity, not having seen something or other yet appearing to oneself and to others as if one did know it. That is, the thing must give itself back to us as an object prior to our investigation of it. Then consciousness may become a term for something more advanced, like a living brain. Does some knowledge belong only to particular communities of knowers? It is hard to define whether the knowledge is unknowable or not. What values and beliefs changed due to our change in our relationship to Nature could be undertaken. And known just means "known but maybe not consciously known" by one party or the other. This prompt is covered in greater depth under #17. https://wordpress.com/block-editor/post/mytok.blog/3676, https://mytok.blog/2019/11/30/ct-1-perspectives-woks/. He proved that its impossible to automatically determine which will happen I know you might argue you could run the program and see what happens but supposing it only stops after 7 trillion years? In determining the importance of the various tools that you may be choosing for your Exhibition, you will be making what is called a first order claim. The principle of reason operates in any and every statement that we make about things i.e. One of the simpler levels is that a being is aware that it exists. 12. That we have areas of knowledge is a recognition of the need for specialization in our studies since so much information and knowledge has been amassed in these areas through our pursuit of knowledge. This is why works of art are turned into things nowadays so that something may be said about them as to what they are and what they may mean.What is unknowable is not a thing. Alan Turing was an English mathematician and a child prodigy, particularly in mathematics. However, the final item describes things that might be true but that cant be known. to determine what our tastes should be in our various forms of entertainment. The bias in the production of knowledge will be determined by the ends that have been chosen which will, in turn, determine the methods in which those ends will be achieved, usually unethical ones. Our tragic literature, on the other hand, demonstrates the implications of the lack of self-knowledge in its heroes actions which ultimately lead to their demise in most cases. They are what can be learned and what can be taught i.e. From Oedipus to Hamlet and King Lear to Willy Loman, tragic heroes meet their demise, their nemesis, their just desserts, due to their lack of knowledge of who they are and the actions they must take, or not take, because of who they are. What is encountered and brought to a standstill is the object. His history proves that even though we consider many things unknowable, they are just simply not yet discovered. Such a definition is correct to a point. pistis [pstis]; Lat. 13. According to his theory, which is now agreed to be a part of modern physics, the cat is in a superposition of being dead and alive at the same time. It is the final statement, nothing is without reason, that must be understood here. 5. image/object #1 is like or as image/object #2, and so on. One more than 4 = 5. When we compare the latest I-Phones to what appeared previously, what counts for improvements are the greater number of apps that are applicable to making our everyday encounters more efficient and reliable. But there is a difference between things we dont know and things that cant be known. In doing this, you as a human being will understand yourself in terms of the possibilities open to you through your thinking. The development of the media from the Gutenberg press to modern social apps and the consequences of these developments is certainly a topic or theme that can be addressed here. This example shows that some things are inherently unknowable and cant be obtained even with the most precise instruments. Sophia and episteme arenot opinion because they are already complete i.e. Even provisionally, we cannot say more than that in the field of modern atomic physics we have resigned ourselves, and we have done so because our representations are dependable. (Werner Heisenberg, The Picture of Nature in Contemporary Physics) The Natural Sciences as an Area of Knowledge. CT 1: Introduction to Theory of Knowledge: Knowledge and the Knower; 10. This calculus also determines how we view a work of art and gives rise simultaneously, during the 17th and 18th centuries, to the theory of aesthetics, how we view, define and subsequently speak about art and beauty. This idea was created by Nassim Nicholas Taleb and later developed in his book called The Black Swan. veers round into a quality of its own and then it becomes incalculable (Heidegger). To whom or to what are we obliged to them and why? One finds the best example of this metaphor in Shakespeares Macbeth and in the motif of sickness that runs throughout that play: Art not without ambition, but without/ The illness should attend it: what thou wouldst highly,/ That wouldst thou holily; wouldst not play false, And yet wouldst wrongly win(Act 1 Sc. A culture is the way of life: the customs, civilization, achievement and values of a particular group of people at a particular time. Opinion is an attempt to reveal the truth of something covered over or hidden. The uncertainty principle was quite controversial when it was announced; Einstein famously said that God does not play dice with the universe, and it was around this time that the split in physics that separated quantum mechanics which studies the very small and the macro physics that studies larger objects and forces started. Whatever prompt you choose, it is important for you to develop your arguments so that they are clear to your listeners and readers. For more on the way of knowing involved in techne see the following links: Teacher 31. The roles of the media in its various forms is something that will need to be addressed. Knowing the audience is the recognition that we are beings in bodies. Well done. When we consider our world and the beings in it as objects we, too, experience the disappearance of otherness for it is our cognition which makes or creates those things that we consider beings in our world and the things themselves lack any kind of independent status. Such a precedence was not present in the early Greek understanding of truth and, subsequently, what we understand as knowledge is not how the Greeks understood knowledge. It was in direct conflict with that tradition which is known as the history of philosophy. OT2: Knowledge and Technology. Furthermore, he also showed that there are true things in mathematics that cant be proved true. This know how, presumably, comes from a long, broad engagement with the field which is under discussion. Unknowable can be the experiences of others, their feelings and thoughts. 3. One might view the current war on terrorism in this light and a fruitful Exhibition can result from determining how this may be the case. While the responsibility for the work of art belongs to the artist herself, the art that provided the prompt to bring forth the work was certainly not her own although we believe that the creativity and imagination that are inherent in the work are the artists responsibility. With this concept firmly in place; you can reason thus: Suppose you start writing computer programs to generate real numbers, one for each real number. Another, more advanced level, is to recognize that other beings exist, each their information about the world. This research has different methodologies in the different areas of knowledge, and these methods of disinterring the truth are all pre-determined by the view of the past as an object of study. Even when we have a theory explained in hindsight from an event that we take as a priori, neglecting at the same time the fact that the probability of this event to happen again is near zero. There is no Greek world-picture: human beings are at the beck and call of Being. A little more about Turing: his line of reasoning is particularly remarkable because he did it in 1936 years before the first digital computer was built. We have 1 possible answer in our . The concreteness of the Exhibition itself is a product of your work and you will provide the first order descriptions of the images and things you have chosen. Calling Him God or Father or whatever is not naming Him because what is lacking is knowledge by acquaintance and the terms used to describe Him are analogies or metaphors. This demand that reasons must be rendered is what is empoweringin the principle of reason. Technology is the beholding of the essence of all things in advance (a priori) in the light of which human beings make and produce things and allows human beings to take a stand towards the things that are in the first place. This origin usually deals with the question of motion or movement so the question is raised From where, originally, did the change or motion come from? An explanation is a scientific account of a thing, and by this we mean that sufficient reasons have been given for its being the way it is. The why and the how, as well as the what are explained and this is usually indicated by our use of the word be-cause, the cause is. Usually we associate experience with an intense effect on ones inner life, but not necessarily externally, as in That was quite an experience. The modern world-picture, however, involves several components: mathematical science; machine technology; the reduction of art to an object of experience; the conception of all human activity as culture and as the realization of values (empowerment), the concern of a cultural policy politically; a godlessness that co-exists with the modernization of the Christian world-view and with intense religious experience. The principle of reason is what is in operation when we say I get it! in English, for it is the manner in which we take something on, deal with it, perceive it. Although dialectic is now considered a complex philosophical term, in its original sense it could mean nothing more than a discussion among friends at Starbucks over coffee. How one re-searches the historical developments within an area of knowledge will be determined byhermaneuticsand the de-constructionof language. Everyday things like weather forecasts, prices for commodities or stocks, results of upcoming votes, etc. Photo of market collapse in 2008 from the Times magazine. If it does, then it shouldnt be in the set, but if it doesnt, then it should. These cabals of knowers have power within their respective communities, so much so that some proponents of these world-pictures have become placed as the new priesthood in the communities where these world pictures thrive. 3 Morin, Alain (2006). Your rationale for establishing the relations between the objects/images will be based on the principle of sufficient reason and will demonstrate and answer the questions what, why, and how. The mathematically provable idea that something exists but is unknowable has clear philosophical and theological implications. You count each program; the first one is 1, the second, 2 and so on as youre counting, you use the positive, whole numbers. For something to be knowable, we would have to have a precise definition. This calculus or reckoning is not only present in mathematics; it is the foundation or ground of the utilitarian principles of ethics. are also objects that could come under consideration with this prompt. To count on means that the knowledge produced can be relied upon with certainty to be that which is said about it. Both Mary Shelleys novelFrankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus and Ridley Scotts film Prometheus are warnings of the implications of seeking some kinds of knowledge without considering the ends of such knowledge. That human beings exist: this is a priori for all knowledge, including the knowledge you will uncover in your Exhibition. Representation is to present some thing, to make something present to humans. Obviously, the societies of which we are members determine what knowledge is and what types of knowledge will be considered valuable. What is essential is not mere ignorance, mere unfamiliarity, but a presumption of knowledge. It is not a truth relativism; it may reveal or it may not. Reasons must be given for the claims being made. Unknowable Thing: Where is that particle, and how fast is it going? World War II started in 1939 but Turing had been working on code-breaking at Bletchley Park for a year before that; trying to decipher the German Enigma code. You have to chooseone of the following prompts and your choice of prompt will determine the methodology or the pathway as well as the design or plan that you will follow to arrive at your interpretation of the images or objects you have chosen. To reckon on something or rely on something means that we can expect it and to see it as something upon which we can build. Our delimitations and definitions of the things are arrived at prior to their placement in various domains of knowledge and these horizons of the things are arrived at through the use of the principle of reason in our cognitions. Experience, like all basic words, changes its meaning over history. Step 1: choose the IA prompt and look for three objects. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. He was born Alfred Teitelbaum in 1901. However, according to our best theories and predictions, we will never know everything about the universe. But the end for the Greeks was to demonstrate why their trust was an appropriate response to the things that are and this trust overcame the doubt and skepticism that initiated their search for knowledge. This isn't just my opinion - this is according to accepted theory. The projecting of analogies or models is part of the erecting of a framework from which you will demonstrate how you have viewed the objects/images present and show them in a new light (possibly) to others. They do not even like the word unknowable and prefer to use the term intractable instead. So far, weve described things we know to be unknowable (if that makes sense). But even today, the principle of reason is not clearly understood as that which determines all cognition and behaviour. One may wish to take the journey down the path which discusses techne as that type of knowledge which is in another and for another and provide examples of various products of human endeavours that provide human beings with some good end or usefulness. Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? You may be asked or demanded to provide an explanation for why an essay or project which you were required to do is late. Fitch's paradox is an attempt at a logical proof of the following statement: If there is at least one unknown truth, then there is at least one unknowable truth. (cf. The political as understood here is not what we commonly think of as political parties etc. An old story which Plato speaks about in his Theaetetus is that Thales, while occupied in studying the heavens above and looking up, fell into a well. What are the implications of having, or not having, knowledge? The reasons provide both the evidence and the explanation. Experiment in this sense is quite different from experience: science becomes rational-mathematical, i.e. The question if there are unknowable things with our current technology is easy to answer yes, there are, but as it is impossible to predict the future, it is impossible to say whether these things will remain such. Our modern scientific knowledge in the form of quantum physics demonstrates that what has been traditionally understood as certainty regarding knowledge of nature and inquiries into nature is not possible. What is considered unknowable is where the search for knowledge begins so that they can become known; but notice that they will become known as things. 14. The question here is what is meant by objectivity? It is the system that makes information possible. This is just an example of the extraordinary changes in meaning that words have through the centuries and should serve as a warning. Correctness is understood as the translation of the Latinadaequatioand the Greekhomoisis. Thus the issue between competing scientific theories cannot always be settled by experience: One cannot say that Galileos doctrine of the free fall of bodies is true and that of Aristotle, who holds that light bodies strive upwards, is false; for the Greek conception of the essence of body, of place and of their relationship depends on a different interpretation of beings and therefore engenders a different way of seeing and examining natural processes. But what happens, when we find out exactly how brains work? It is concerned with the propernaming of the things. The language and engagement in the conversation that is dialecticis not the attempt to out-argue someone, but getting ones partner in the conversation to open their eyes and see; dialectic is possible between friends, not between rivals; dialectic is not political. How so? My prompt: Are some things unknowable?DOWNLOAD YOUR FREE TOK PACKET (THIS NEW ADDRESS WORKS)http://www.getanaintok.com/freestuffTOK Essay Tutoringhttps://www.fiverr.com/share/NEAQ6VTOK Exhibition Tutoring:https://www.fiverr.com/share/V7AB8BGet a great score in the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme by scoring as high as you can in Theory of Knowledge! what will be claimed and becomes knowledge. Just as the essence of technology is not itself technological, so the essence of calculation and the calculable is not accessible to calculation. Anyone who has been ill or has had loved ones who have been ill could not but be grateful for the improvements that have occurred in the medical sciences such as the discovery of penicillin. Step 1: choose the IA prompt and look for three objects. We know more today than we have ever known, and we add to that store of information every day. The experience, the experiment upon which the claim is based must be replicable and the results proven by others.This is what, in fact, you are attempting to do in your Exhibition in that you are attempting to sufficiently ground your choices for the images/objects you have chosen and how they will demonstrate the key concepts inherent in the prompt you have chosen. A prime number is only divisible by itself or 1 and its a curious fact that, so far, every even number thats been tested is the sum of two of them for example: 8 = 5+3 or 82 = 51 + 31. It has the connotations of to live, or to live through. This leads to the great temptation of solipsism, particularly among the young. Such possession implies having a power over, a control over, a relation to some thing or some one, and therefore a responsibility for the knowledge, the thing, the person that one is related to that one has some kind of possession of. No reason is given for the shops being closed i.e. hi! The human soul, according to Plato, is in a state of ignorance but it strives to overcome this ignorance and become beautiful. It is based upon the need to provide sufficient reasons (evidence) for the reality of the beings that are. In responses to the other prompts, the interpretations of the key concepts in those prompts suggest that not only is objectivity possible, it is our way of being-in-the-world, for it is through our perceptions of things that we turn everything into an object; and it is only by being an object that we can begin any discussion of them and, thus, acquire any knowledge of them. His argument is based on the infinite consequences of God existing either eternal damnation if one does not believe, or heaven if one does. What do these choices indicate? It is no surprise that the great discoveries of modern physics were primarily initiated by Germans, Einstein and Heisenberg for instance, just as it is not an accident that the great discoveries of Newton and Darwin belong to the English-speaking world. Something that you've created can also be an object, but it shouldn't have been made specifically for the Exhibition. It was normal for people to think that way, as we tend to simplify matters. In asking the question why do we seek knowledge, we are asking what is the reason that our being is grounded in the principle of reason. Correctness as free from contradiction and being consistent is called formal truth, not related to the content of beings in distinction from the material truth of content. I dont understand the link. But this metaphor extends to events outside the financial market. TOK Exhibition Prompts List 1. This paradox caused quite a lot of consternation amongst mathematicians. This collapses the superposition and the cat falls into one of the two possible states. Some people tried to write this number, as Ludolph van Ceulen, who was famous for his exposition of this number to the 35th digit after the comma. It is this gap in our knowledge of what is our own and what is not that is a great mystery for us if we give thought to it. While most of the sufficient reasons are supplied through logic and logistics in mathematical calculations, examples for this calculating reasoning may be taken from almost anywhere and it will be your task to show their relationship to each other in making the assertions you will make regarding the three images or objects that you have chosen. This merging and movement towards fascism, where the political leaders interests are considered as the public interests, is a worrying trend not only in America but in all parts of the world today. Are some types of knowledge less open to interpretation than others? A world-picture, on the other hand, comes from the German Weltbild, a picture [BiId] of the world. Beings as a whole are now taken in such a way that they are in being first and only insofar as they are presented by the human being as the representer and producer, that is, as objects. 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This demonstrates the truth of the old saying that one is willing to insist on the authenticity of something the more one pays for it even though that authenticity is highly questionable. 7. This revealing or bringing out from concealment of what has been buried is the correctness of our representations or what we have come to call the correspondence theory of truth. But we need to remember that not everything that we consider today as unknowable is in fact unkowable, it can be just not discovered yet. Things that were beyond our comprehension for that time, were simply acknowledged as unknowable. im looking for tok exhibition objects for the question "are some things unknowable?". Human being does not have a constant, project-independent understanding of itself: it first understands itself, or understands itself anew, after the projection. Your TOK exhibition is worth 35% of the grade. This evidence or explanation will find its grounds in the principle of sufficient reason. Each historical age has its own particular concept of greatness; and our concept of greatness is purely quantitative, the gigantic not only gigantic monuments, but the traversal of vast distances at immense velocities, etc. This can make things unknowable. They were asked to choose one prompt from a given list and display an object of personal relevance or interest that connects to their prompt, along with an explanation of how this object shows TOK manifesting in the world around us. Grahams number is big enough to make most peoples brains start to steam; its really big; to put it into context, lets look at some, so-called, big numbers: Most people have heard of a googol for most purposes its a big number 10^100 which is 1 followed by 100 zeroes. It is the Greek fundamental experience of the being of beings, which underlay, and gave rise to, both the subject-predicate form of their language and their conception of a thing as a subject with accidents. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/God_does_not_play_dice_with_the_universe. To reckon means to orient something in terms of something, to represent something as something. They are the creators of the shadows within Platos Cave. We impose laws to determine our behaviours in our communities. This list contains 10 things that are unknowable in principle. With our current technology, another beings consciousness is definitely unknowable, but with the scientific progression, in the future we may define this term differently, so it could be unknowable with that technology. Such a lack of knowledge is not crucial to our well-being or survival. This type of speaking in under great threat in todays world. In active experience, we go forth to look for something.
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